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This means that Tesla has moved desktop PC computing power into the car. This super smart cockpit hardware has once again led the wave of car intelligence.
▲Tesla Model Y equipped with AMD Ryzen processor
The disassembly picture shows that in addition to the AMD Ryzen processor, the Tesla Model Y high-performance version also uses a discrete graphics card from AMD. Its single-precision floating-point computing performance is basically the same as that of the Sony PlayStation 5.
Coupled with Tesla’s live demonstration of playing “Cyberpunk 2077” in the car, and the rendering of 3A games such as “The Witcher 3”, Tesla may become a mobile supercomputer in the future. In addition to games, Tesla can create larger-scale revenue through software and services.
This will become a huge growth point outside of Tesla’s car-making business.
So, how strong are the new cockpit domain controllers equipped with Tesla Model Y and Model S? Can it compete with PC or Sony PlayStation 5 in game performance? Through the dismantling of the Tesla cockpit domain controller at home and abroad, we have seen the inside of the domain controller and also unveiled the mystery of this super host.
1. The strongest car machine equipped with AMD Family Bucket for in-depth analysis of mass-produced cars
The dismantling of xiaote.com and YouTube blogger Ingineerix allows the outside world to see the car system of the Model Y high-performance version and the new Model S. Generally speaking, the difference between the two is very small, the main chip configuration is exactly the same, but there are certain differences in the configuration of the interface and RAM memory.
From the disassembly diagram, the two infotainment domain controllers use liquid cooling for heat dissipation, and there are no moving parts such as fans inside the domain controllers.
1. Equipped with AMD CPU+GPU
Remove the covers of the two domain controllers to see the main board of the infotainment system. On the front of the motherboard of the two car cockpit domain controllers, the largest chip on the right is the AMD Ryzen embedded processor, which is numbered YE180FC3T4MFG.
▲Up and down are the Model Y high-performance version and the third-generation cockpit controller mounted on Model S
According to the AMD naming rules summarized by Reddit netizens, “YE” stands for Ryzen Embedded, which is the Ryzen Embedded processor. “180” means that this processor belongs to the embedded V1000 series, F has no explanation for the time being. The “C3” after that means the TDP is 45W. “T” represents the physical package of the chip is FP5 BGA. “4M” means that this chip has a 4-core CPU, 4x512KB L2 cache and 4MB L3 cache. The “FG” suffix indicates that the processor code is Picasso, which means that it uses a 12nm process and is manufactured by GlobalFoundries.
In the AMD embedded processor list, there is no product with the corresponding model or parameter. AMD’s official website shows that the embedded processor used by Tesla meets the AEC-Q100 standard. According to previous analysis, the embedded processor used by Tesla is similar to the Ryzen V1404I, because only this processor can work in an environment of -40°C to 105°C. Unlike V1404I, the embedded processor used by Tesla may have increased the base frequency.
▲AMD Ryzen Embedded Processor
The embedded processor used by Tesla also integrates a graphics card, the model may be Vega 8. Through this integrated graphics card, the central control screen, instrumentation and rear screen in the car can be driven.
▲The discrete graphics card in the Tesla Model S cockpit domain controller
Below the motherboard, the RDNA 2 architecture graphics card is connected via PCIe. When starting a 3A game, this graphics card can play its role. From the disassembly diagram, its model is labeled 215-130000026, and its computing performance is about 10TFLOPS, which is very close to the computing performance of Sony PlayStation 5, and it is also close to the AMD Radeon PRO W6600 graphics card (referred to as W6600).
The W6600 graphics card is based on TSMC’s 7nm FinFET process. It has 28 computing units and 1,782 stream processors. It can perform up to 10.4 trillion single-precision floating point operations (10.4TFLOPS) per second, which is very similar to the graphics card equipped with Tesla. approximate.
▲ AMD Radeon PRO W6600
Tesla’s graphics card is also equipped with 8GB GDDR6 video memory, the memory particles are from Samsung, and the Model S and Model Y models are exactly the same.
According to the above analysis, the performance of the AMD Ryzen embedded processor used by Tesla should be higher than that of V1404I. According to the performance test of CPU Benchmarks, the performance of the AMD Ryzen embedded processor used by Tesla can be speculated. It should be more powerful than Intel’s 4-7th generation i7 4-core notebook processor, such as i7-4700HQ, this configuration is not considered top level today.
This may be because vehicle-mounted chips need to meet stringent vehicle track requirements, such as high and low temperature impact, vibration, electromagnetic interference, etc., so the performance of vehicle-mounted chips often lags behind the consumer electronics field.
▲Desktop graphics ladder diagram from the driver’s house
The discrete graphics card used by Tesla is close to Radeon Pro W6600 and stronger than the consumer-grade Radeon RX6600. According to the desktop graphics ladder diagram of Drivehome, the independent graphics card equipped by Tesla is positioned relatively high-end.
2. Model Y cockpit controller has more memory
Under the Ryzen embedded processor on the front of the two motherboards, there is a flash memory particle from Micron with a capacity of 256GB. Compared with the 64GB eMMC of the previous generation car, both the capacity and the read and write speed have been greatly improved.
On the upper right side of the front of the two motherboards, there are a few RAM particles, but the configuration of the Model S and Model Y high-performance versions are not the same, and even the Model Y high-performance version has a higher configuration.
▲Memory particles in Tesla Model S domain controller
The disassembly diagram of the Model Y high-performance version shows that there are a total of 8 RAM particles on both sides of the motherboard, from Micron. In the disassembly picture of Model S, there are 10 RAM particles on both sides of the motherboard, which are also from Micron.
This is the biggest difference between the Tesla Model Y high-performance version and Model S car infotainment systems.
According to the analysis of the memory particles, the memory particles of the two models are not the same, and the capacity is also different. In Model S, there are two kinds of memory particles. Among them, 8 have FBGA code D9XSM, corresponding to a capacity of 8GB, and the other 2 FBGA codes are D9XSP, corresponding to a total capacity of 2GB, a total of 10GB. The FBGA code of the Model Y high-performance memory is D8BHQ, and the corresponding capacity is 16GB.
3. Model S has more functions, richer interfaces and chips
On Model S and Model Y high-performance car computers, there are some chip configurations that are not the same. For example, the Model S car motherboard is equipped with two DSP chips, one of which is used to process audio and the other is Used for active noise reduction in the car. There is no active noise reduction function on Model Y models, so there is one less DSP chip.
In addition, the Model Y high-performance version has only one screen in the car, so there is only one screen sequence chip at the bottom right of the front of the motherboard, which is less than the Model S model.
In terms of interfaces, compared to Model S models, Model Y high-performance models have significantly fewer interfaces. The reason is also because there is only one display in the Model Y car, while the Model S has three screens with more functions.
▲Up and down are the Model Y high-performance version and the third-generation cockpit controller mounted on Model S
Take the disassembly diagram of the Tesla Model S car and see that there are eight ports on the left and one hidden port. At the top is Wi-Fi and Bluetooth antennas for wireless connection in the car. After that, micro HDMI is used to output video signals, the USB-C interface is used to input the camera signal in the car, and the USB interface is used to connect the handle to play games or connect to the U disk. The bottom four interfaces are the instrument, the central control, and the rear screen.的连接线。 The connection line.
▲There are three screens in the Tesla Model S car
In the center of a row of interfaces, Tesla reserved an interface position. It is said that if there is a screen in front of the co-pilot, it can be used by adding an interface here. Both the new Model S and Model Y high-performance models have reserved an interface slot, which can be regarded as an easter egg buried by Tesla.
There are a total of 6 interfaces on the right side of the motherboard. The interfaces of the Model S and Model Y high-performance models are exactly the same. The top is the emergency call system eCall interface, which can be used in Europe, and the bottom is the Gigabit Ethernet interface connected to the Autopilot autopilot computer, which may be used to transmit video data and render it on the car screen. Below is a Gigabit Ethernet interface for connecting to the screen, a power input interface, a CAN bus and speaker interface.
The 4G network module of the whole vehicle is connected to the main board. It can be found that the supplier is China’s Quectel, the model is AG525R-GL, which supports 4G network speeds of up to 600Mbps.
Tesla’s cockpit has been fully replaced with “cores”. The first is to make the car no longer stuck, and the second is to greatly improve the game performance. Through the game, people’s time in the car is occupied, and the game performance is the biggest upgrade.
Second, the real car experience is very smooth 3A game has not yet been in the car
Since its delivery in 2013, Tesla’s cockpit domain controller has evolved to the third generation. In this upgrade, the single-precision floating-point computing performance of the GPU alone has been improved by more than 50 times. In the actual experience, the application opens and the web page loads significantly faster.
1. The actual experience operation is smoother
In fact, the car test found that after a cold start of the Tesla Model Y equipped with AMD Ryzen processor, the loading time of Tencent Video is 20 seconds, the loading time of Bilibili is 9 seconds, and the startup speed of the game Proud Eagle is 9 seconds. Browse The start speed of the device is 4 seconds.
As for the most commonly used map function, the operation of the new car-machine system is smoother, and there is no accidental lag.
▲ Tesla Model Y high-performance version opens Bilibili
Compared with mobile phones, the loading speed of Tesla cars is still relatively slow, but compared to Tesla’s second-generation car system, its performance has been significantly improved.
The actual test found that Tesla’s second-generation car system, whether it is Tencent Video or Bilibili, takes more than 20 seconds to start up, and the zooming in and zooming out operations of the map often appear to be stuck. When browsing the web, the finger is often touched to the top of the screen. The screen just started to move…
Che Dong learned from Tesla owners that when they used Tesla’s previous generation of cars, they did experience significant lag, and even lag has eliminated the excitement that Tencent video, bilibili, games and other functions initially brought them. .
2. Two major reasons cause the carton of the previous two generations to become stuck
The main computing chip of Tesla’s second-generation cockpit domain controller is Intel’s car-grade processor Atom A3950, which uses integrated graphics, and the flash memory uses eMMC, which is relatively slow to read and write, which are all caused by the car machine system. reason.
▲Comparison of Tesla’s three-generation cockpit domain controllers
Among them, the main computing chip Intel Atom A3950 is a chip released in the fourth quarter of 2016, using a 14nm process, with a 4-core 4-thread CPU, and integrated Intel HD 505 graphics. This graphics card configuration can be said to be a “bright machine card”, and its computing power is about 187GFLOPS.
The well-known processor evaluation website NotebookCheck evaluates the Intel HD 505 that as of 2016, games rarely run smoothly even at the lowest image quality settings.
According to the test on the website, the frame number of Assassin’s Creed Odyssey at 720P resolution is 1 frame, and the frame number of Need for Speed 20 at 720P quality is 2 frames. If you want to play 3A games, it will definitely not work. Ported from the mobile terminal. Mini games can still be played.
Tesla’s second-generation cockpit domain controller equipped with Intel Atom A3950 was first released with Model 3 in 2018. This processor was sufficient at the time. After all, smart cars have relatively few functions. Maps , Videos, web pages, and simple games have already excited consumers at the time, because no one has made traditional cars in this way.
In addition to the poor performance of the processor and integrated graphics, the 64GB eMMC equipped with Tesla vehicles may be another cause of lag.
Compared with mechanical hard disks, eMMC has significantly improved reading speed and vibration stability. Therefore, it is very common in electronic equipment in the early years, but its drawbacks are also very obvious, that is, life.
Constrained by cost factors, the erasing life of some eMMCs may be only a few hundred times. If data is written and erased regularly in the car every day, the eMMC is likely to be broken after several years of use. If it is used in mobile devices such as mobile phones, the replacement cycle is relatively short, and the probability of damage is relatively small; while the replacement cycle of automobiles reaches 8 to 10 years, the probability of eMMC damage is greater.
As the use time increases, the read and write speed of eMMC will become slower and slower, and the most direct experience of use is stuck.
Today, Tesla’s third-generation cockpit domain controller has replaced the previous eMMC with an SSD. The cost has not changed significantly, but the read and write performance and lifespan have increased significantly.
Compared with Tesla’s first-generation cockpit domain controller, and Tesla’s third-generation cockpit domain controller are obviously not the product of the same era, they have already been completely eliminated by Tesla. The Tegra 3 T30 chip used by Tesla has similar performance to the Apple Watch chip S5.
At the beginning of this year, the 8GB eMMC equipped with the original cockpit domain controller was recalled by Tesla. The reason was that after 7 or 8 years, the car and machine system became slower and slower, and even damaged.
▲ Tesla’s first-generation cockpit domain controller
Compared with the first-generation cockpit domain controller, Tesla’s second-generation cockpit domain controller has significantly improved processor performance. The quantifiable GPU single-precision floating-point computing performance has increased by 15 times. Up to the third-generation cockpit domain controller, its upgrade is even more “terror”, and the unit of measurement has even been upgraded from GFLOPS to TFLOPS, an increase of more than 53 times.
Although the increase in single-precision floating-point computing power is not proportional to the increase in the number of game frames, there is no 3A game that can really play the strength of the third-generation cockpit domain controller, but this upgrade does make Tesla truly stand At the top of the smart car world.
3. Tesla continues to lead the development of new hardware for smart cars with more imagination
The wave of intelligence has already swept the entire automobile industry, and the competition for the performance of intelligent car-machine systems has become increasingly fierce. Tesla’s latest cockpit controller not only crushes all current mass-produced cars in performance, it is still in the leading position even when compared with the latest chip to be released in 2023.
Just last week, Baidu, Jidu, and Qualcomm announced that the first model of Jidu Motors will use Qualcomm’s 4th generation Snapdragon car digital cockpit platform supreme chip-Qualcomm SA8295P. Its CPU uses the 6th generation Kryo CPU of the same generation as the Snapdragon 888. The 3D rendering performance of the GPU is 3 times faster than the 8155 chip, and its AI computing power reaches 30TOPS.
▲Qualcomm’s 4th generation Snapdragon car digital cockpit SoC
According to predictions, the GPU computing power of the 8295 chip can exceed 3000 GFLOPS, which is a significant gap compared to the 10 TFLOPS of Tesla’s third-generation cockpit domain controller. Even Qualcomm’s 8295 chip has to wait for mass production in 2023, which is nearly two years later than Tesla’s third-generation cockpit domain controller.
At present, smart cars are still in the early stages of development, and the industry is still exploring the development direction of smart cockpits. But judging from Tesla’s current gameplay, it’s obviously trying to add PC computing power to cars. The x86-based CPU and Linux operating system can run 3A games such as Cyberpunk 2077 and The Witcher 3, and even work in the future. A variety of desktop applications such as, mail, etc. provide more imagination for the smart cockpit.
In June of this year, the delivery of the new Tesla Model S started. At the delivery ceremony, Musk showed off the powerful performance of the third-generation cockpit domain controller. At the scene, the Tesla staff picked up the handle and directly played Cyberpunk 2077 on the car machine, amazed the global audience who was watching the live broadcast on site and online at that time.
▲Tesla shows playing Cyberpunk 2077 in the car
At the same time, in the interior renderings of the new Model S models, games such as The Witcher 3 have also appeared, which has continuously improved Tesla’s game attributes.
▲The Witcher 3 game on Tesla Model S
When a car becomes a computer on four wheels, car companies can use software to create greater value.
Here is an example of the gaming industry. In the Epic Games v. Apple case, the ruling showed that about 70% of Apple’s App Store revenue came from games. At the same time, the gross profit of Apple’s software services exceeds 70%. In other words, if Tesla can build a software platform similar to the Apple App Store in the automotive field, the cost of large-scale software replication will be almost zero, and the gross profit can easily exceed the car manufacturing business, becoming a very huge addition to Tesla’s car manufacturing. Business growth point.
In fact, Tesla has long laid out software purchase and subscription models. For example, Tesla has launched a subscription model for FSD fully autonomous driving capabilities in the United States. It can be subscribed for US$199 (about RMB 1,268) per month, without the need to spend US$10,000 (about RMB 63,700) to buy out directly. .
In the future, when Tesla’s in-car software and game ecology are gradually completed, the experience of car owners using the software in the car will be the same as we use PCs to play games and buy software today.
If you take a long-term view, if Apple will launch an autonomous driving model after 2025, seamlessly transplant the App Store into the car, and transplant the strongest M series chip into the smart cockpit, it can be compatible with Tesla Is there a fight? The answer is very difficult.
The reason is that on Apple’s macOS platform, the 3A game ecosystem is not perfect. Even with a seamless porting, it may be difficult to match the Linux platform used by Tesla.
This can also prove that Tesla has enough ability to build a powerful application store in the automotive field by relying on the powerful hardware of the third-generation cockpit domain controller. After gathering entertainment, games, and functional software, the intelligence of the Tesla cockpit will take another step.
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