Home » TOPcon has entered the dividend release period, paying attention to XBC and HJT multiple routes|solar energy_Sina Finance_Sina.com

TOPcon has entered the dividend release period, paying attention to XBC and HJT multiple routes|solar energy_Sina Finance_Sina.com

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1. TOPcon enters the bonus release period

Tunnel oxide passivated contact solar cell (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact solar cell, TOPCon) is a new type of passivated contact solar cell first proposed in 2013 by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Research in Germany. Its battery structure is an N-type silicon substrate battery. A layer of ultra-thin silicon oxide is prepared on the back of the battery, and then a thin layer of doped silicon is deposited. The two together form a passivation contact structure, which effectively reduces surface recombination and metal contact. complex. According to ISFH calculations, the theoretical maximum efficiency of double-sided polysilicon passivated TOPCon cells is 28.7%, and is closest to the theoretical limit efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells at 29.43%, with great potential for efficiency improvement.

Various manufacturers continue to break the TOPCon battery efficiency record. At present, leading companies such as LONGi, Jinko, and Trina Solar are at the forefront of the industry in terms of improving the efficiency of Topcon. In early June 2021, LONGi announced that Topcon’s laboratory conversion efficiency reached 25.21%; in March 2022, Trina Solar announced that its self-developed 210mm×210mm high-efficiency i-TOPCon battery had a maximum battery efficiency of 25.5%; in 2022 In April, JinkoSolar announced that the full-area cell conversion efficiency of its self-developed 182N type high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon cell reached 25.7%, setting a new world record for the conversion efficiency of a large-area N-type monocrystalline passivated contact (TOPCon) cell. .

The production line has good compatibility and has the advantage of cost control.Compared with N-type TOPCon and P-type PERC, the difference in process route is mainly reflected in polysilicon production.Long andFor the preparation of the oxide layer, only boron expansion and thin film deposition equipment are added, while the upstream silicon material, silicon wafer and other heavy asset links do not involve equipment replacement, and the existing P-type PERC battery equipment process is retained and utilized to the greatest extent, compatible with The degree is as high as 70%. According to CPIA data, the investment cost of PERC production line equipment will drop to 194,000 yuan/MW in 2021, and the investment cost of TOPCon battery line equipment will be about 220,000 yuan/MW, which is slightly higher than that of PERC batteries. From the perspective of cost, the cost of silicon wafer and paste accounts for a relatively high cost of TOPCon, more than 80%. In the future, reducing silver paste materials and improving yield are effective ways to reduce costs.

TOPCon battery projects have been launched one after another, and orders for centralized power station projects have been obtained.In June, JinkoSolar’s “Jianshan Phase II 11GW high-efficiency battery and 15GW module intelligent production line project” started construction. The average efficiency target of battery mass production is more than 25%. It will continue to expand production capacity on the basis of the current 16GW N-type TOPCon battery and module production capacity. Trina Solar’s 8GW TOPCon battery project in Suqian, Jiangsu Province has also been officially launched in April. It is expected to be put into production in the second half of 2022. It is expected to ship 2-3GW throughout the year, with a yield rate of 97%, and a conversion efficiency of 24.7% by the end of the year.

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According to statistics from ASIACHEM, since 2022, the domestic new construction and planned TOPCon battery production capacity will reach 224GW, bringing huge market opportunities for technology and equipment suppliers.

2. Leading enterprises deploy IBC and have outstanding advantages in the distributed market

The positive and negative electrodes of the IBC (interdigitated back contact, full back electrode contact crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell) are arranged on the backlight of the battery in an interdigitated manner, and the pn junction is also located on the back of the battery, which belongs to the back contact solar cell. There is no metal electrode on the front side to make the IBC battery have a higher short-circuit current Jsc, and the back side can allow wider metal grid lines to reduce the series resistance Rs and improve the fill factor FF; plus the front surface field and good passivation of the battery bring Open circuit voltage gain, IBC battery has many advantages in reducing optical loss, improving efficiency, improving battery performance, and beautiful appearance.

High theoretical conversion efficiency and low temperature coefficient.The researchers expect an efficiency record of 29.1 percent for the IBC solar cell. In addition, IBC solar cell technology improves the temperature coefficient of the traditional option from -0.387%/ºC to -0.446%/ºC, down to -0.29%/ºC. Therefore, IBC solar panels can provide better performance in hot climates.

Good compatibility is conducive to the extension of next-generation technology.TBC battery is a combination of TOPcon and IBC. This battery structure combines the high short-circuit current of IBC and the excellent passivation contact characteristics of TOPCon, so it can obtain higher battery efficiency. HBC is a solar cell structure formed by combining HJT battery structure and IBC. This battery structure combines the advantages of high short-circuit current of IBC battery and high open-circuit voltage of HJT battery, so higher battery efficiency can be obtained.

P-type IBC has a better cost solution.The downside of IBC battery technology is that the manufacturing process is more expensive and complex. However, according to the patent “Preparation Method of a P-type IBC Battery” applied by Jiangsu Rituo Photovoltaic in March 2021, a P-type silicon wafer is used as the substrate, and boron doping is not required on the front and back, and no mask and Photolithography, with simple process steps, simplifies the complicated process of traditional IBC to 12 steps, and the production cost is significantly reduced. Considering that the application scenarios of P-type IBC products are mainly distributed overseas, the terminal has a high acceptance of the premium of high-performance products. Assuming that the premium can reach 0.2 yuan/W, which is about 3 cents/W, when the yield rate of P-type IBC batteries When it reaches 95%, the integrated profit of P-type IBC products can reach about 0.25 yuan/W. When the yield rate reaches 98%, the integrated profit can be further increased to 0.28 yuan/W.

LONGi takes the lead in deploying HPBC batteries, and is expected to obtain excess returns in the high-end distributed market. LONGi HPBC battery uses IBC technology on the P-type technology route, and the substrate silicon wafer is still P-type silicon wafer. On November 4, 2022, LONGi Green Energy officially released the new module product Hi-MO6 to the outside world. At the same time, the company also announced the details of the HPBC battery equipped with the module. The full name of HPBC is hybrid passivation back contact battery. The current mass production efficiency has exceeded 25%, and the efficiency of the PRO version with superimposed hydrogen passivation technology has reached 25.3%. The company has launched a new module product Hi-MO6, which has an average gain of 10% compared with PERC products in the power generation simulation. . It is estimated that after the full production capacity of HPBC batteries in 2023, 20-25GW of products are expected to be shipped.

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3. HJT is expected to become the next-generation technology, and it is expected to increase in volume in 2023

HJT (intrinsic thin film heterojunction battery) is a special PN junction formed of amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon materials. It is an amorphous silicon thin film deposited on crystalline silicon. It is a type of N-type battery. It was first developed by Successfully developed by Sanyo Corporation of Japan in 1990, it has the advantages of high efficiency, low temperature coefficient, high double-sidedness and fewer process steps.

high efficiency: The theoretical conversion efficiency of HJT monofacial modules is 26.07%, and the conversion efficiency of bifacial modules exceeds 30%, which is one of the most efficient solar technologies in the industry. In the past two years, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PERC cells has reached the bottleneck. The industry generally recognizes that the highest efficiency is around 22-23%. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of TOPcon cells has reached more than 25%, and the conversion efficiency of HJT cells has exceeded 26% (LONGi);

good temperature coefficient: The temperature rise coefficient of the PERC battery is -0.38%/℃, and the temperature rise coefficient of the HJT battery is -0.25%/℃. The HJT battery has a lower temperature coefficient and produces a higher open circuit voltage, which ensures a higher output. power. Basically, HJT batteries have 3% higher power generation per watt per year than PERC batteries, which also makes it very suitable for applications in high temperature areas.

high duplex: The bifacial rate of HJT battery can reach more than 90% (up to 98%), which makes it have excellent performance when it is designed as a bifacial module.

few process steps: HJT battery only involves 5-7 steps in the manufacturing process, and the price of the equipment keeps decreasing.

The R&D pilot test was accelerated, and the efficiency record continued to break through.According to the official information of LONGi Green Energy, recently tested by the Institute for Solar Energy Research Hamelin (ISFH) in Germany, the conversion efficiency of the silicon heterojunction solar cell independently developed by LONGi reached 26.81%, setting a new world record for the efficiency of large-scale single crystal silicon photovoltaic cells. According to Huasheng New Energy, the module CTM of its HJT1.0 production line that will be put into production in 2021 will reach 98.5%; the HJT2.0 production line based on microcrystalline technology, M6 single-sided microcrystalline process R&D production line, the best batch average efficiency is 25.45 %, the efficiency of the champion film reached 25.61%; the average efficiency of the G12 mass production line was 24.5%, and the average efficiency of the best batch was 24.73%. Diamond Glass also stated that the average conversion efficiency of the company’s heterojunction battery microcrystalline wire HJT battery has reached 24.95%, and the highest conversion efficiency of the battery has reached 25.2%. At present, some customers have delivered sales orders for heterojunction batteries.

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The cost reduction route is clear and has achieved results.From the perspective of non-silicon cost, under the silver grid wire technology, the cost per watt of mass-produced HJT is more than 0.2 yuan/watt higher than that of PERC, and the gap can be narrowed to less than 0.1 yuan/watt in the future. Part of it lies in the consumption of silver paste, the use of ITO, and the depreciation of the machine. Huasheng New Energy compared the costs of HJT batteries in January 2022 and April 2022 and found that the unit consumption of silver paste per watt decreased by 28%, the life of the screen plate resulted in a 72% cost reduction, cleaning process optimization and low-cost chemicals The introduction brought about a 31% reduction in chemical consumption, and increased target utilization resulted in a 15% reduction in target consumption. By the end of the year, non-silicon costs could be controlled at around 0.14 yuan/W, compared to 0.38 yuan/W recorded in January 2022. W, the decline rate is extremely significant.

The progress of mass production bidding has exceeded expectations, and many manufacturers have begun to deploy.Golden Glass announced in June that the company decided to invest in the construction of a 4.8GW high-efficiency heterojunction cell and module project, with a total investment of 4.191 billion yuan and a construction period of 18 months. According to the public account of Huasheng New Energy disclosed in May, Huasheng intends to carry out the construction of the third phase of the 4.8GW double-sided microcrystalline heterojunction smart factory project in Xuancheng. In 2023, Q1-Q3 will be put into production in two phases. In addition, in terms of equipment, Jiejia Weichuang said that in 2021, the company achieved a breakthrough in the entry of HJT equipment into the European market; Maiwei Co., Ltd. said that the company’s HJT equipment has successfully introduced microcrystalline technology, and at the same time, it is actively promoting cost reduction with manufacturers in all links of the industrial chain.

This article is compiled from the WeChat public account “Jibang New Energy Network”; editor of Zhitong Finance: Chen Wenfang

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