Home » Work: Gender Gap Report, women start earning on February 7 for the same employment

Work: Gender Gap Report, women start earning on February 7 for the same employment

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The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report records a global increase in the index that measures the gender gap of 37 percent compared to 2019, with a closing rate of 68 percent. Gender equality is almost achieved only in education (95%) and health (96%) while it is still very distant in economic (58%) and political (22%) participation. The estimated closing time of the Gap for Western Europe is the best on the planet (52 years). The best country is Finland (closing at 86%), while Italy ranks 63rd (closing at 72%).

Yet, according to Almalaurea, in the last year the graduates were 58.7% of the total and, according to the latest official data of the Ministry of Education, the phenomenon of school dropout affects the boys more (3% girls against 4.6% boys). What’s more: women get, on average, better ratings than men (grades above 9 for 43% of girls against 31.7% of boys) and the percentages of women with qualifications below graduation have progressively decreased; however, women graduates are more concentrated in the humanities (80% attendance in the fields of teaching, linguistics and psychology).

And despite the fact that women are, on average, more educated than men, they concentrate in the humanities by excluding themselves from the stem paths, which are those that offer the best chance of employment and the best prospects for remuneration. After a long period of improvement, women’s employment and inactivity rates worsened in 2020. If in the last 30 years (1991-2019) female employment has grown by 12 points (recovering positions compared to men), 2020 has seen a reduction of one point compared to 2019, reaching 49% against 67.2% than the male one.

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Likewise, after a 10-point reduction in the female inactivity rate, 2020 saw an increase of nearly 2 points for women, standing at 45.3% versus 26.5% for men. In addition to having difficulties in accessing the labor market, women also suffer from problems related to work-life balance: Italy is the 5th among the OECD countries in terms of the difference between men and women in care work time: Italian women spend an average of 5 hours a day dealing with care work, while men do not reach 2.5. The female part-time rate, which has been growing steadily since 2004, in 2020 reaches almost 34%, against about% of men.

And so, with equal work with a male colleague, in Italy it is as if a woman began earning from February 7th. The JobPricing Observatory, which monitors the private sector excluding private health and education, for the year 2020 recorded a pay gap calculated on the annual full time equivalent (fte) ral equal to 11.5%, which reaches 12, 8% considering the Rga (global annual remuneration), which also includes the variable portion of monetary remuneration.

The differential between the salaries of men and women grows between the non-graduate group (10.4%) and that of graduates (30.4%). The smallest gap is for those with a vocational school diploma (5.4%) while the highest is for those with a second level master’s degree (46.7%). Among the three-year degrees, the smallest gap is observed for the group of graduates in physical education (4.7%), while the largest one among geo-biological graduates (26.9%). Among the two-year master’s degrees, the smallest pay gap remains that of the physical education group (3.0%), while the highest that of the psychology group (16.2%). Finally, among single-cycle master’s, the smallest pay gap is that of the medical group (8.7%), while the largest is that of agricultural and veterinary graduates (16.6%).

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Already from the older age group, workers begin to earn more than female workers, reaching over 30% in the more advanced age groups over 55 (36% over 65). The causes are attributable, among others, to a wage penalty due to maternity which for Italian workers was estimated at -53% of the pre-maternity salary at fifteen years from maternity and in a weekly wage 6% lower than to female workers without children. Among the contractual positions, the highest pay gap is in blue-collar workers (13.3%; -2 percentage points compared to 2019). Among the top earners (CEOs and executives with strategic responsibilities of listed companies) the highest gaps are observed among chairmen who do not perform other roles (-48.59% on fixed income, -53.81% overall remuneration package (part monetary policy)) and among executive directors (-42.33% fixed; -42.74% remuneration package (monetary part)). In general, women are less satisfied than men with their salary package, perceive inequality between their salary and that of colleagues: On a scale ranging from 0 to 10, women report a score of 3.9 regarding the general satisfaction of their own salary while the men of 4.6. Regarding equity 3.9 for women and 4.8 for men. Looking at satisfaction with the pandemic year and confidence with the current year, although the index levels are on average higher than the standard assessments, the gap remains (4.4 for women and 5.1 for men ).

There is a hidden gap: women on average have better characteristics, so an invisible gap is added to the visible gap. If women on average had the same characteristics as men (ie worse), it is reasonable to think that they would be paid even less.

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«The most disconcerting thing that emerges from the analysis – comments Giuseppe Guerra, head of central & southern Italy | professional recruitment by Spring professional and Badenoch + Clark – is that the gender gap actually hides, beyond the already evident data, an erroneous and myopic assessment of skills by employers. Women on average have very useful soft skills in the company that are much more developed than men. Empathy, ability to work in a team, problem solving and stress management. Yet these characteristics – which are paid better in men – are not valued in women. This is a problem of evaluation by companies that has its roots in cultural aspects that must be unhinged. In fact, overcoming this gap, it is demonstrated, would bring enormous benefits to organizations and to the country as a whole ».

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