Home » Covid vaccines: “Cause of thrombosis found with AstraZeneca and J&J”

Covid vaccines: “Cause of thrombosis found with AstraZeneca and J&J”

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The blood clots and thrombosis that occurred in some rare cases of people immunized against Coronavirus with the AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson vaccines could be related to the adenovirus vectors they both use to provide the genetic instructions for the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein in the body. This is what some German researchers claim in a research published in pre-print (and therefore not yet subjected to peer review) also claiming that it is a problem that can be solved by ‘reprogramming’ vaccines.

German research

Rolf Marschalek, a professor at Goethe University in Frankfurt who has been conducting research on these rare conditions since March, argues that the problem lies in the moment of adenovirus entry into the cell nucleus. The adenovirus life cycle includes cell ‘infection’ and the entry of adenoviral DNA into the nucleus; subsequently the gene transcription takes place. And herein lies the problem: according to Marschalek and the other researchers, once inside the cell nucleus some parts of the spike protein join or divide, creating mutant versions, which are unable to bind to the cell membrane where the cell membrane occurs. ‘immunization. On the other hand, floating mutant proteins are secreted by cells in the body – according to Marschalek’s theory – and thus trigger blood clots in about one in 100,000 people. “When these … virus genes are in the core they can create some problems,” Marschalek said. In contrast, mRNA-based vaccines, such as those developed by BioNTech / Pfizer and Moderna, deliver the genetic material of the Spike protein to cell fluid and never enter the nucleus.

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A ‘way out’

The good news is that, according to the researchers, there would be a simple way out because the vaccine developers could modify this spike protein sequence to prevent it from cleaving. Also according to what was reported in the pre-print work, J&J had already contacted the Marschalek laboratory for advice and was looking for solutions to adapt his vaccine to prevent separation. The researchers’ idea is to modify the sequence of the spike protein to prevent separation from occurring, thus canceling the risk of side effects or adverse reactions. “With the data we have in our hands, we can tell companies how to mutate these sequences, coding for the spike protein in a way that prevents unscheduled separation reactions,” concludes Marschalek.

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The Aifa Report

And just yesterday other information arrived from Aifa. Following the reporting of thrombotic events in subjects undergoing anti-Sars-CoV-2 vaccination with the Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) viral vector vaccines, the Aifa has appointed a group of experts in pathologies of coagulation in support of the Technical Scientific Commission to investigate the biological plausibility of the events, identify any risk minimization strategies and indicate the most correct methods for the clinical management of these very rare events. Just yesterday Aifa published a document (structured in questions and answers) with the conclusions of the group of experts to provide non-specialist doctors and health personnel with the information currently available to identify early and manage this very rare adverse event in the most appropriate way. .

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The association between thrombosis and thrombocytopenia

In the AIFA document, experts try to explain the causes of these complications. “The cases of thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinuses (Tsvc) and / or of the splanchnic district that were observed after the administration of Vazxevria and the Janssen vaccine – reads the report – showed an onset between 5 and 21 days as common characteristics after vaccination, the concomitant presence of thrombocytopenia of varying severity and a rapidly progressive course, often with thrombosis in the days following hospitalization in numerous other vascular districts, especially venous but also arterial “. The association between thrombocytopenia and often multiple thrombotic complications typically occurs in some thrombotic forms with an autoimmune basis, such as ‘catastrophic’ antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia associated with thrombosis.

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The theory of heparin-induced autoimmune thrombocytopenia

Indeed, some German and later Norwegian researchers found in 16 post-vaccination Tsvc cases a positivity for antibodies against the complex between platelet factor 4 and heparin, suggesting that the mechanism that triggers this complication in subjects not previously exposed to heparin may be what is defined as ‘heparin-induced autoimmune thrombocytopenia’, possibly triggered by the formation of complexes between viral vector-induced polyanionic groups and platelet factor 4 or by the production of antibodies generated by the inflammatory reaction to the vaccine capable of cross-reacting with platelets and platelet factor 4. “However, there is still no evidence – clarify the experts of the Group of Experts in Coagulation Pathologies – that this is the only pathophysiological mechanism that triggers this thrombotic syndrome and at least some of the cases described so far have not tested positive for test for the detection of anti-complex antibodies PF4 / heparin. It also remains to be defined why this adverse reaction develops only in some rare cases.

The frequency of complications

In general, venous thromboembolic events occurring in subjects vaccinated with Vaxzevria and Janssen vaccine were not more frequent than those expected in the unvaccinated population. These events were almost exclusively observed within approximately three weeks of vaccination in healthy subjects less than 60 years of age, predominantly women. For the Vaxzevria vaccine, from EudraVigilance source, as of April 4, 2021, 169 cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and 53 cases of splanchnic vein thrombosis, often associated with thrombocytopenia, have been reported, out of a total of approximately 34 million doses. of Vaxzevria vaccine administered in the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, equivalent to 6.5 cases per million subjects who received at least one dose. According to AIFA reports, 34 cases of venous thrombosis in atypical sites were detected in Italy as of April 26, 18 of which associated with thrombocytopenia. Compared to the administrations carried out with Vaxzevria, therefore, 0.45 cases per 100,000 vaccinated are observed, since it could be affected by the lesser representativeness of the Italian sample compared to the European and Anglo-Saxon data. As for the events observed after administration of the Janssen vaccine, the US surveillance system as of April 30, reports 17 cases of thrombosis in atypical sites associated with thrombocytopenia (events very similar to those observed with the Vaxzevria vaccine) out of 7, 98 million doses of this vaccine administered in North America.

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