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Osteopenia meno grave post menopausa

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The loss of bone density is a biological factor that accompanies every woman from the age of 30. Until now it was thought that during menopause the problem could worsen more rapidly due to hormonal decline, thus increasing the cases of osteoporosis. But osteopenia after the cessation of menstruation is significantly lower than previously assumed.

OSTEOPOROSIS

Alteration of the bones is a disease, not a physiological condition linked to aging


The good news comes from Finland, where the longest and most important follow-up to date on changes in the mineral density of women has just ended, effectively halving the percentages of expected bone reduction.

The “Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention” study started in 1989 with a health survey that was sent to all women aged 47 to 56 living in the Kuopio region of eastern Finland and is currently underway. . 14,200 women respond to the survey every five years and 3,000 volunteers who undergo X-ray mineral density measurements. The 25-year follow-up results from the first 1993 study have now been published in the American scientific journal Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, revealing that “the post-menopausal situation is much less serious than one might think”.

While it had been estimated so far that the rate of bone loss at the femoral neck could be 20% higher, the Finnish study showed that in reality the loss was between 7.4 and 11.1%. “Hormone replacement therapy has proved very effective”, as opposed to “vitamin D and calcium supplements, as well as the use of corticosteroids, which have not led to improvements”. “Smoking and alcohol also showed no statistical significance for the annual bone loss rate – the researchers write -, while weight gain during follow-up confirmed its protective action.”

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Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease in the world. In Italy alone it is estimated that 5 million people suffer from it, of which 80% are postmenopausal women. Bone fragility is common to 23% of women over the age of 40 and 14% of men over 60, with numbers growing. “It occurs most commonly in women due to fertility-related hormonal changes and a number of risk factors, such as low body mass index, age and long-term use of bone-affecting drugs,” explains lead author Joonas Sirola, an orthopedist at Kuopio University Hospital. “Previous studies have shown that bone loss increased with the arrival of menopause and then decreased in old age. However, observational studies over 15 years have never been performed so far.”

This important amount of data has now made it possible to verify that fortunately “the average decrease in bone mineral density is much lower than what we hypothesized and surprisingly we have discovered that very few risk factors directly influence this problem”, concludes Sirola. In short, “this study sheds new light on osteoporosis and definitively changes our understanding of bone loss in older women”.

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As the Ministry of Health reminds us, “fragility fractures can have important consequences both in terms of mortality and disability, with high social health costs”. Mortality from fracture of the femur “is 5% in the period immediately following the event and between 15 and 25% at one year. In 20% of cases there is the definitive loss of the ability to walk independently and only 30- 40% of the subjects return to the previous conditions “.
In less than five years, the data collected for the 30-year follow-up on Finnish women will be available, in the hope of understanding what actually predisposes some to osteoporosis the most, starting with nutrition.

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