Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), the instrument aboard Exomars has allowed to reveal how the water of Mars is dispersed in space. It is thought that liquid water once flowed over the surface of Mars as evidenced in the numerous examples of ancient dry valleys and river beds. Today, water is mainly imprisoned in the polar ice caps and buried underground. Mars still loses water today, in the form of hydrogen and oxygen escaping from the atmosphere.
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by Viola Rita
Understanding the interplay of potential reserves that may contain water and their seasonal and long-term behavior is the key to understanding the evolution of Mars’ climate. This can be done by studying water vapor and ‘semi-heavy’ water (where a hydrogen atom is replaced by a deuterium atom, a form of hydrogen with an extra neutron).
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“The deuterium-hydrogen ratio, D / H, is our chronometer – a powerful metric that tells us the story of water on Mars, and how water loss has evolved over time. Thanks to ExoMars’ Trace Gas Orbiter, we can now better understand and calibrate that chronometer and test it for potential new bodies of water on Mars, “he says Geronimo Villanueva of NASA’s Goddard Space Center and lead author of the new result.
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“With TGO we can see the path of the isotopologs of water as they rise into the atmosphere in a level of detail not possible before. a 2D view before, while now we can explore the atmosphere in 3D, “he says Ann Carine Vandaele, principal investigator of NOMAD (Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery), the tool used for this investigation.
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