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Electoral reform, the knot of thresholds and the possible return to the majority premium

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Electoral reform, the knot of thresholds and the possible return to the majority premium

Single-member boarding schools bother everyone. With the current electoral system, coalition parties are forced to choose 147 common candidates for the Chamber and 74 for the Senate. This is how single-member boarding schools have always been used in Italy. This means that before the vote Salvini and Meloni on the one hand, as well as Letta and Conte on the other, will have to sit around a table and argue about the division among themselves of the 221 colleges in which the common candidates of the respective coalitions will be presented. Given the reports and the polls, the operation is complicated and insidious. So there is a shared interest in eliminating the constituencies and returning to a system that provides only party lists.

Majority premium

But the center-right is not going to go back to a system that is only proportional, as the M5s and a good slice of the Democratic Party would like. With the Rosatellum, the center-right has concrete hopes of winning the next elections and is obviously not prepared to give it up. For this reason, rebus sic stantibus, the only way to find a bipartisan agreement is to replace the colleges with the majority prize. The Democratic Party has finally understood this after flirting with the M5s with the return to proportional. In fact, the majority premium is the functional equivalent of the college. Both are pushing the parties to join forces before the vote. Together with the over-representation of the winner this is one of the major effects of the proportional system with a prize.

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The return to the prize would not be a surprise. We would go back to Calderoli, the infamous “porcellum” in force between 2006 and 2013. After all, the proportional with the majority premium is one of the ingredients of the Italian model of government introduced both in the municipalities and in the regions. In 2005 it was also introduced at a national level and even in that case it replaced the single-member colleges of Mattarella. It would now be re-proposed in a constitutionalized version. The 2013 Council ruling on the porcellum set a non-circumventable post: a proportional premium system must contain a threshold to trigger it. The Court has not set its level. He just said it takes. It is no longer possible that a coalition with 29% of the votes (Bersani’s center-left in 2013) can get 54% of the seats in the House.

The Pd-Lega negotiations

The negotiation between the Democratic Party and the Lega will therefore focus above all on the level of the threshold to trigger the prize. The higher the threshold, the harder the reward is. If the prize is not triggered, all the seats would be distributed proportionately. It goes without saying that the proportionalists in the two camps will want a high threshold in order to maximize the probability of a proportional distribution of all seats. The proponents of the majority will want it lower. Then there are the third polists. They too aim for a high threshold so they can play their pack of seats after the vote if no one wins the prize.

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This is not the only relevant threshold to decide. Regardless of the award, it is important to limit fragmentation by setting two other thresholds: one to prevent dwarf parties from taking seats, another to prevent the formation of Forza Roma or Forza Milan-type lists created for the sole purpose of collecting votes to obtain the award. . These thresholds are already foreseen in the Rosatellum. If a list does not obtain at least 3% of the votes it does not take seats and its votes go to the allied parties that are above the threshold. Also, if he doesn’t get at least 1%, his votes go to the trash.

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