Home » Environmental monitoring “little expert” comes to hyperspectral observation satellite to achieve “Pentathlon”_launch

Environmental monitoring “little expert” comes to hyperspectral observation satellite to achieve “Pentathlon”_launch

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Original title: Environmental monitoring “little expert” came to hyperspectral observation satellite to achieve “Pentathlon”

People’s Daily Online, Beijing, September 7 (Zhao Zhuqing) At 11:01 on September 7, the Long March 4 Bingyao 40 carrier rocket ignited at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center and successfully sent the hyperspectral observation satellite into the scheduled orbit and launched it. The mission was a complete success. The satellite will provide the high-precision, hyperspectral remote sensing data that my country urgently needs, not only for comprehensive environmental monitoring and supervision in my country, but also for natural resource exploration, disaster prevention and mitigation, crop yield, forestry resource inventory, climate change research, etc. field.

Simulation of the flight of a hyperspectral observation satellite.Photo courtesy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Shanghai Institute of Aerospace Technology

Open a new perspective of remote sensing observation

Hyperspectral remote sensing is the frontier field of current remote sensing technology. Different elements and their compounds on the earth have unique spectral characteristics, which are an important “identity card” for identifying and analyzing the characteristics of different objects. Compared with optical imaging satellites that can only see information such as the shape and size of substances, the spectral imaging technology possessed by hyperspectral satellites can integrate spectrum and images to detect the specific components of various substances.

“With more than 4,000 hyperspectral remote sensing detection channels, hyperspectral observation satellites will expand from geometric shapes and color perception to spectral information, opening a new perspective for remote sensing observations in China.” According to the satellite development unit China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Shanghai According to relevant experts from the Institute of Aerospace Technology, the launch of the hyperspectral observation satellites after being put into use can target inland water bodies, land surface ecological environment, altered minerals, crops, forest vegetation and other ground objects, as well as air pollution gases and greenhouse gases. Global, long-term, quantitative and comprehensive observation of environmental and meteorological elements such as, PM2.5, etc., can effectively enhance China’s comprehensive hyperspectral observation capabilities and increase the localization rate of hyperspectral observation data to more than 70%.

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According to the above experts, the hyperspectral observation satellite has realized the fusion application of hyperspectral, full-spectrum, polarization, multi-angle, and flare observation data on the same satellite. The highest imaging spectral resolution is 2.5 nanometers and the width is 60 thousand. M; the highest atmospheric detection spectral resolution is 0.03 nanometers, the polarization detection accuracy is better than 0.5%, the observation angle reaches 15, and the comprehensive performance index will reach the international advanced level.

It is understood that the hyperspectral observation satellite is operating in a sun-synchronous orbit. The satellite is equipped with a total of 7 detection instruments, covering the spectrum from ultraviolet to long-wave infrared, fusion of imaging technology and hyperspectral detection technology, which can realize the comprehensive observation of spatial information, spectral information and radiation information.

The real scene of satellite development.Photo courtesy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Shanghai Institute of Aerospace Technology

Let carbon emissions be invisible

On the small “body”, two land surface imagers and five atmospheric composition detectors are integrated, making this satellite a well-deserved “all-rounder”.

According to experts, of the two land surface imagers, the visible shortwave infrared hyperspectral camera and the full-spectrum spectral imager can be used for ecological environment monitoring, drinking water source and key lake and reservoir water quality monitoring, mineral resource exploration, urban heat island effect monitoring , Disaster risk monitoring, monitoring of typical glaciers and background snow, fine remote sensing of agriculture and forestry, etc., will provide a strong guarantee for my country’s “ecological red line” supervision and “clear water and pure land defense”.

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Among the five atmospheric composition detectors, atmospheric aerosol multi-angle polarization detectors, high-precision polarization scanners and absorptive aerosol detectors are all atmospheric aerosol detectors, which can be used for PM2.5 and haze monitoring to help win the battle. “The Battle of Blue Sky”. After the atmospheric trace gas differential absorption spectrometer and the atmospheric main greenhouse gas monitor are put into orbit, they will become the only available hyperspectral pollutant gas and greenhouse gas monitoring load. The atmospheric trace gas differential absorption spectrometer is equipped with 0.5 nanometer ultraviolet hyperspectral detection means, which can cover global pollutant gas monitoring in a single day, and serves my country’s national strategies such as “air pollution prevention” and “coordinated detection of ozone and PM2.5”. The main greenhouse gas monitors in the atmosphere can detect carbon dioxide at 1-4 ppm and methane at 20 ppb, making carbon emissions invisible and providing technical support for my country’s “carbon peak and carbon neutral” strategy.

The Long March 4 Bingyao 40 launch vehicle puts the hyperspectral observation satellite into a predetermined orbit.Photo courtesy of China National Space Administration

High-density emission “perfect”

This launch is the 79th launch of the Long March 4B series carrier rocket, the 10th launch this year, and the 387th launch of the Long March series carrier rocket.

The Long March 4C carrier rocket for this launch mission was also developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Shanghai Institute of Aerospace Technology. It is a normal temperature liquid three-stage launch vehicle with excellent performance and wide range of applications. It has the ability to launch multiple types of satellites with different orbit requirements. It can be launched by a single or multiple satellites, and its sun-synchronous circular orbit carrying capacity can reach 3 tons.

According to the introduction of the rocket development unit, in accordance with the safety requirements of the landing zone for this mission, the rocket generally optimized the launch trajectory design, and each sub-system adopted the latest state that has been verified by the flight. At the same time, the model is equipped with a relay user terminal system for the first time. It uses a relay satellite to complete the rocket’s active segment information transmission and realizes the full range of the rocket’s telemetry signal reception. Compared with the previous telemetry data transmission method, the relay user terminal system is not affected by the ground telemetry receiving station. Geographical restrictions can greatly extend the rocket’s signal transmission time. Therefore, the rocket has the advantages of not being restricted by the deployment of ground telemetry receiving stations and flexible launching orbit design.

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The reporter learned that facing the dual challenges of high-density launch and high-intensity development throughout the year, the model team conducted a comprehensive quality review of the error-prone, undetectable and untestable items of each system to ensure the correct technical status of the rocket and the correct risk identification. , The control measures are effective and the product quality is reliable. Plan ahead before entering the site, optimize the work process of the launch site, strictly control the technical status, implement de-task management, and improve the flexibility of R&D and production; after entering the site, the Changsi model adheres to the quality confirmation “Nisshin system” working method to ensure launch Field by field work is confirmed and implemented, the operation process is correct and standardized, and the original data records are accurate and effective.

Author: Zhao Zhuqing

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