Of the slightly more than 2 million citizenship income earners of working age with at least eleven monthly salaries received in 2021, only 20% of individuals are employed. In the North it is slightly better: 26% of those who receive the benefit are also workers (46% if it is limited only to men); this percentage rises to 36% when considering the population of non-EU foreigners receiving DRC. The “stable” earners of Rdc who work are mainly employed (almost 60%) with fixed-term and part-time contracts.
Spent 23 billion in three years
The data on participation in the labor market is contained in the annual report by the president of INPS, Pasquale Tridico, who dedicates a chapter to Citizenship Income: in the first 36 months of application (April 2019-April 2022) the measure reached 2.2 million households for 4.8 million people, for a total cost of almost 23 billion euros, the average monthly amount is around 577 euros.
Budget deficit on the active policies front
If the measure has represented a support against poverty for many recipients, the budget on the active labor policies front is highly in deficit. Of 2,048,394 beneficiaries of the DRC for at least 11 months, over 80% turned out not to have had any job position in the same year. While 393 thousand beneficiaries have opened a job position at the same time as the use of the RdC, and 326,315 households out of 855 thousand families (40%, the figure is higher because in a core receiving RDC more people can work, remaining below the threshold of access). The estimate of the simultaneous participation in the labor market of the recipients is therefore very different depending on whether the analysis relates to the nucleus or to the person. The contemporaneity between RdC and work can be estimated at about 40% for households and about 20% for people (the reference audience, however, also includes minors and disabled people, the INPS does not provide a data on the “employable”).
Inapp: only 4% users are employed through employment centers
It is not known, however, whether the DRC earners who work found employment through a job offer that was proposed by the employment center. There are no analyzes, nor data from Anpal or Regions, in order to have a certain national picture of the effectiveness of the action of the employment centers in favoring the meeting between demand and supply of work specifically to the receivers of the Rdc. There are analyzes, such as that of INAP, which refer to the generality of users, highlighting how most people find work thanks to informal channels (friendships, relationships) and that the employment centers mainly deal with weak users (the 32% have lower averages) and manage to bring just over 4% of their users to work.
In 2019, 33% of earners were working
To have a term of comparison, in the previous INPS annual report, only 33% of earners of working age had an administrative feedback of participation in the labor market in 2019. Analyzing the characteristics of the 393 thousand earners who are also workers, 236 thousand are men and 157 thousand women, the average number of weeks that appear to have worked during the year is equal to 28, about 6/7 months, the prevalent type is private employee work (62%), followed by self-employment (19%) and domestic work (8%).