[One Hundred Years of Truth]The Female Soldiers of the Red Detachment of Women who were used and abandoned by the CCP | Cultural Revolution | Movement | Class Struggle

After the establishment of the Communist Party of China, this army of women was heavily promoted in the form of literature and art. It was first made into the movie “Red Women’s Army” in 1960, and then adapted into a ballet in 1964. During the Cultural Revolution, it became one of the eight model dramas. One, it can be said to be one of the most influential brainwashing works of the CCP, which has influenced generations of Chinese people.

The adapted story is as follows: In the 1930s in the Wanquan River area of ​​Hainan Island, the “bully landlord” Nan Batian used Wanguan’s wealth to organize and support the reactionary forces, and was an enemy of Hainan Island’s guerrillas. He is still domineering on weekdays. The maid Wu Qionghua couldn’t stand the oppression. After many attempts, he finally managed to escape.

At that time, the CCP recruited more than 100 rural women from small mountain villages in Hainan Province and formed a women’s armed spy company. Wu Qionghua joined the “Red Detachment of Women” under the guidance of “Southern Overseas Chinese Merchant” Hong Changqing. In fact, this Hong Changqing is not a Southeast Asian businessman at all, but a representative of the Chinese Communist Party of the Women’s Army.

In a battle, Hong Changqing was captured by Nan Batian and burned to death under a banyan tree. After that, Wu Qionghua led the Women’s Army to guide the main force of the CCP into the Yelinzhai, and wiped out Nan Batian’s armed forces. Nan Batian was shot and killed. Because of his “heroic” performance, Wu Qionghua joined the CCP and became the new company commander of the Women’s Army Company.

The ending of this story once made many people clap their hands and applaud: the bully was finally eradicated, and the maiden warrior won’t let the beards! But does the story reflect real history?

According to a report from Hainan Window, a large comprehensive portal website in Hainan, the prototype of Nanbatian was a landlord named Zhang Hongyou in Lingshui County, Hainan. Zhang Hongyou’s grandson, Zhang Guomei, said that much of the content of “The Red Detachment of Women” is fictitious, and the “dead of women” was only formed 4 years after his grandfather’s death.

Zhang Guoqiang, the grandson of Zhang Hongyou’s cousin, Zhang Hongde, is the only one alive who has ever seen Zhang Hongyou. According to him, Zhang Hongyou is a kind-hearted person who has never bullied the common people. There is no family member, guns, or bunker at home. A staff member of the History Office of Lingshui County also confirmed that Zhang Hongyou’s family has taught for generations and has no blood debts.

In addition, Wang Shixiang, the instructor of the Detachment of Women’s Secret Service Company, recalled that Pang Qionghua, the prototype of the heroine Wu Qionghua, was not a maid of the Nanba Tianjia. It turns out that the plots of “hatred” and “struggle” in “Red Detachment of Women” were fabricated based on the political needs of the CCP. So, apart from the exaggeration and fiction in literature and art, is the history of the Communist Party of China recorded facts?

Columnist Yang Ning pointed out in his article “The Red Detachment of Women” and the “Truth of Southern Tyrants” that these women’s forces are not “received completely militarized training” and “fight side by side with men” as the party history said. . They are actually a group of deceived rural women. Under the deceit of the CCP, they murder and set fire to do everything. Moreover, most of their real lives are extremely miserable.

In 1932, the Kuomintang guard brigade encircled and suppressed the CCP’s Qiongya base. After suffering heavy casualties, the “Red Detachment of Women” announced its disbandment. This woman army persisted for more than 500 days before and after. Eight of their leaders were arrested one after another, and after Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng’s Xi’an military mutiny, they were amnesty and released by Chiang Kai-shek.

According to the customs in Qionghai rural areas, girls will be sent to other people’s homes as child brides-in-laws when they are very young, and will have children before the age of 15; if they are not married at the age of 25, they will be removed from the genealogy. When these “women’s army” were released by the Kuomintang, the youngest Feng Zengmin was already 25 years old. Coupled with their special status and experience, few people were willing to marry them.

In addition, the rumor that “women go up to the mountain to be the communist mother-in-law” also embarrassed them. Therefore, after the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, marrying a Kuomintang person or a local squire has become a choice for these members of the “Women’s Army”. For example, Pang Qionghua, who had served as a company commander of a special agent, married a squire after he was released from prison. Her husband was killed by the Japanese army for refusing to serve as the chairman of the maintenance committee, and Pang Qionghua was later killed for refusing to follow the Japanese army officer.

After Wang Shixiang, a former instructor, was released from prison, her mother was afraid that her daughter’s experience would drag the whole family. She was betrothed to a KMT leader Qingxiang as a concubine, regardless of her disability, and she was 15 years older than her daughter. age. After the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, Wang Shixiang did not escape the movement again and again. When she was desperate, she tried to commit suicide, but was rescued by her elder son in time.

Pang Xuelian, who was a comrade-in-arms with Wang Shixiang and was in jail together, was also paraded in a high hat during the Cultural Revolution. The reason is very absurd: Why did the Kuomintang let them out? Wang Shixiang married the KMT, why didn’t you Pang Xuelian stop or expose it?

A similar thing happened to Huang Dunying, a member of the Detachment of Women. After returning to his hometown, Huang Dunying became a concubine for Li Changjue, the head of the Kuomintang. During the land reform in 1951, Li Changjue was killed by the CCP. Since then, Huang Dunying wearing the hats of “landlord’s wife” and “traitor” has become a typical critic of the CCP’s previous political movements. After the Cultural Revolution broke out, Huang Dunying was paraded and tortured, living like a year, and his children were also discriminated against and implicated.

The experience of the women’s army is embarrassing, but this is not the whole story. Most people don’t know that after the Detachment Corps was disbanded by the KMT, the Qiongya Column, active in Hainan Island, was not disbanded by the CCP until 1952. And there are more than 3,000 female soldiers in the column.

In 1996, Li Yingmin, the former Propaganda Minister of the Hainan District Party Committee, talked about the demobilization of the Qiongya Column. He believed that there were at least two problems that were improperly handled that year. One of them was that many female soldiers were homeless. It will not be approved. Most of them have never read books, are used to military life, and have no skills to earn a living. After being forced to leave the army, they are in a very difficult situation: some live on the streets, begging for their lives; some are forced by their lives and have to betrayed Physical; some simply throw themselves into the river and die.

However, for the CCP, this kind of practice is not uncommon. This is their “policy.” Fu Guoyong, a writer and freelance writer who studies Chinese modern history, disclosed in the article “Searching for the truth of history is a process” that after 1949, Mao Zedong had a sixteen-character policy for the CCP’s underground party and early local armed forces, which was “demotion arrangements. Control the use, digest it on the spot, and phase it out”.

The Women’s Army was abandoned by the CCP, and the so-called “Glorious Revolutionary Deeds” about them are still being staged lively. However, even the cast and crew who participated in the creation and performance of the “Red Detachment of Women” have a long history.

Bai Shuxiang, the earliest actor of the heroine Wu Qionghua in this ballet, was identified as a typical figure taking the “White line” in 1965 and was banned from performing. When the Cultural Revolution broke out in the second year, she was found to be repeatedly criticized. Beginning in 1969, she was sent to Beijing Xiaotangshan Cadre School for labor reform. It was not until 1974 that the 34-year-old Bai Shuxiang was recalled to the troupe.

The actor, Hong Changqing, Liu Qingtang, was first quarantined after the Cultural Revolution, and then sentenced to 17 years in prison. During his detention, his wife divorced him. Li Chengxiang, the director of the play and the former head of the Central Ballet, was labeled as a “capitalist roader” and locked into the bullpen. Later, the CCP considered that he still needed to play the villain “South Tyrant” in the play before resuming his job.

For more than half a century, this drama full of blood and tears has been repeatedly taken out by the CCP for brainwashing propaganda at home and abroad, and it has poisoned many audiences. Not only that, a few years ago, the Chinese Communist Party’s official media suddenly found a centenarian Wang Yunmei to add a new plot to “Red Detachment of Women”.

Wang Yunmei, born in 1910, lived in a small mountain village in Qionghai City, Hainan Province and was a member of the “Red Detachment of Women”. In 2012, at the age of 102, she was regarded as a “red party member model” and was highly publicized and hyped about the process of her officially joining the CCP. Allegedly, the “Red Detachment of Women” previously thought that joining the revolution meant joining the Communist Party. Later, when someone asked her if she had paid party dues, she knew that she had never joined the party.

Therefore, in June 2010, Wang Yunmei submitted an application for joining the party and became a reserve party member in 2012. The report also emphasized that Wang Yunmei “always follow the party until the last breath.” The facts are as they say. In September 2013, Wang Yunmei died in the village. At that time, this news aroused widespread heated discussion among netizens. Some people think that it is too unnatural for a centenarian to do political propaganda; others call for “let the party go with her.”

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[One Hundred Years of Truth]Produced by the program team

Editor in charge: Li Hao