Home » The “14th Five-Year Plan” emergency management system plan has been released to strengthen risk prevention and control in the governance of mega-megacities – Xinhua English.news.cn

The “14th Five-Year Plan” emergency management system plan has been released to strengthen risk prevention and control in the governance of mega-megacities – Xinhua English.news.cn

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On February 14, the State Council issued the “14th Five-Year Plan for the National Emergency Response System” (hereinafter referred to as the “Plan”).

During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, my country’s emergency management system has been continuously improved, the efficiency of emergency rescue has been significantly improved, the level of safety production has been steadily improved, and the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation has been significantly enhanced.

The “Plan” points out that the “14th Five-Year Plan” period is still an important period of strategic opportunity for my country’s development. At the same time, it is clear that my country’s hidden risks are still prominent, the difficulty of prevention and control is increasing, and the foundation of emergency management is weak. my country is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world. There are many types of disasters, wide distribution areas, high frequency of occurrence, and heavy losses. Safety production is still in the period of climbing and crossing the threshold. Various safety risks are intertwined and superimposed, and production safety accidents have occurred. Still prone to multiple.

The “Plan” proposes seven major indicators during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, including a 15% reduction in the number of deaths in production safety accidents, a 20% reduction in the number of major production safety accidents, and a 20% reduction in the number of work safety accidents.GDP4 binding indicators such as a 33% reduction in the death rate of production safety accidents and a 20% reduction in the production safety accident death rate of 100,000 industrial, mining, commercial and trade employees, and the annual average death rate per million people due to natural disasters <1, the annual average per 10,000 people There are 3 expected indicators such as 10,000 people affected by disasters <15,000 and average annual direct economic losses due to natural disasters accounting for less than 1% of GDP.

In order to achieve the goal, the “Plan” focuses on seven aspects: deepening the reform of the system and mechanism, consolidating the legal basis for emergency response, preventing and resolving major risks, strengthening the construction of emergency response forces, strengthening disaster response guarantees, optimizing the allocation of elements and resources, and promoting joint construction, governance and sharing. force.

Disaster prevention and mitigation is an important part of the emergency management system. On February 14, Chen Sheng, Director of the Monitoring and Disaster Reduction Department of the Ministry of Emergency Management, pointed out at the State Council’s regular policy briefing on the “14th Five-Year Plan for the National Emergency Response System” that in response to the shortcomings and shortcomings in my country’s disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work in recent years Insufficient, the “Plan” focuses on institutional and mechanism construction, disaster risk prevention and control, majorConstructionThe five aspects of emergency capacity building and grassroots capacity building put forward tasks and measures to make up for shortcomings and strengthen the foundation.

  Strengthening risk prevention and control in the governance of mega-megacities

Risks and hidden dangers are still prominent, and the difficulty of prevention and control continues to increase. It is an important situation that my country’s emergency system construction will face during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period.

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From the perspective of hidden dangers, the “Planning” points out that the current situation of my country’s weak safety production foundation will not be fundamentally changed in the short term, and traditional high-risk industries such as hazardous chemicals, mining, transportation, construction, and other traditional high-risk industries and fire safety risks are still prominent. A large number of constructions of public service facilities, super-large urban complexes, densely populated places, high-rise buildings, underground spaces, and underground pipe networks have resulted in urban waterlogging, fires,gasPotential safety risks such as leakage and explosion, crowding and stampede have become increasingly prominent, and major accidents have shown a trend of fluctuation and rebound between regions and industries. Global warming further exacerbates the risk of natural disasters in my country.

From the perspective of the difficulty of prevention and control, the “Planning” pointed out that with the continuous advancement of industrialization and urbanization, my country’s central cities and urban agglomerations have developed rapidly, the population and production factors have become more concentrated, the industrial chain, supply chain, and value chain have become increasingly complex. The space is highly correlated, and the exposure, concentration and vulnerability of various disaster-bearing bodies have increased significantly. New energy, new technology and new materials are widely used,new industrynew business forms and new models have emerged in large numbers, causing new problems and forming new hidden dangers.

The “Plan” proposes that the “14th Five-Year Plan” disaster accident risk prevention and control should be more efficient. Specifically, the hierarchical management and control of safety risks and the hidden danger investigation and governance mechanism have been further improved, the comprehensive monitoring of multiple disasters and disaster chains, the ability to early perceive and identify risks, and the ability to forecast and warn have been significantly enhanced, and the ability of urban and rural infrastructure to prevent disasters has been greatly improved. The reporting of disaster accident information is timely and accurate, and the public coverage rate of disaster warning information release reaches 90%.

The fifth part of the “Plan” focuses on preventing and defusing major risks, and weaving the network of disaster accident prevention and control, including focusing on the prevention and control of risk sources, strengthening risk monitoring, early warning and forecasting, and strengthening the comprehensive management of natural disasters.

During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, my country launched the first national comprehensive natural disaster risk census.

Zhai Guoxiang, director of the Urban Safety Development Research Center of Nanjing University, director of the China Disaster Prevention Association and director of the Planning and Standards Professional Committee, said that the first national comprehensive natural disaster risk census will help to understand the current situation of my country’s natural disaster comprehensive risk. It also provides scientific decision-making basis for follow-up natural disaster management. However, the accuracy of urban planning is high, and the comprehensive risk census of natural disasters needs to be more precise if it is to be applied to urban planning and disaster prevention and mitigation in urban planning.

While focusing on the prevention and control of risk sources, the “Planning” also clarifies that risk assessment should be strengthened, the fine detection of the seismic tectonic environment and the exploration of active faults in key areas and cities; scientific planning and layout, strengthening of risk prevention and control in the governance of mega-megacities, and coordinating county-level cities and towns and village planning and construction, strictly control the regional risk level and risk capacity, promote the implementation of geological disaster hedging and relocation projects, and accelerate the formation of a spatial pattern and production and lifestyle layout that effectively prevent and control major safety risks.

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Zhai Guofang said that cities located in earthquake fault zones, along major rivers, prone to landslides and other serious disaster factors, cities that have experienced major disasters before, super-large cities, cities with relatively weak disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, etc. Focus on strengthening security risk assessment and risk prevention and control. In terms of implementation, all cities should correctly understand the importance of risk assessment and risk prevention and control, and promote a complete risk assessment.

The “Plan” also proposes to improve the safety risk assessment management system, promote enterprises in key industries to establish a safety risk management system, comprehensively carry out urban safety risk assessments, and regularly conduct safety risk assessments in key areas, major projects and large oil and gas storage facilities, and formulate and implement them. risk control measures, etc.

Beijing Normal University, Department of Emergency Management—educateYe Qian, a professor at the Ministry of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Research Institute, pointed out to the 21st Century Business Herald reporter that due to the influence of human beings on nature and the increase in the corresponding reaction of nature to humans, disasters and accidents at this stage affect each other and the disaster situation is more complicated. my country’s current disaster early warning is at the international level, but the original relatively single risk monitoring methods of various departments still have shortcomings in dealing with complex disaster situations, and comprehensive monitoring capabilities need to be improved.

In order to strengthen risk monitoring, early warning and forecasting, the “Planning” proposes to make full use of technologies such as the Internet of Things, industrial Internet, and remote sensing to improve disaster and accident monitoring and perception capabilities, optimize the layout of natural disaster monitoring station networks, improve emergency satellite observation constellations, and build air, sky, and ground. A disaster accident monitoring and early warning network covering the whole area of ​​sea integration. Improve the comprehensive risk early warning system, enhance early risk identification capabilities, develop a refined meteorological disaster early warning and forecast system, optimize the long-term, short-term, and post-earthquake trend forecasting business, and improve the public service level of security risk early warning.

Zhai Guofang believes that the city government should be highly aware of the complexity of the urban system and the complexity of risks, improve local emergency management capabilities, strengthen the construction of a modern emergency response system, and normalize emergency management work. “Only by making overall considerations in terms of understanding, thinking, technology, and system can we truly do a good job in urban disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.”

  Formulate and issue opinions on strengthening the construction of social emergency forces

The “Plan” clarifies that during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, greater preparations should be made in response to catastrophes. The layout of comprehensive rescue, professional rescue, and aviation rescue forces has been more reasonable, the emergency rescue efficiency has been significantly improved, and the support capabilities of emergency plans, emergency communications, emergency equipment, emergency materials, and emergency transportation have been comprehensively strengthened. The aviation emergency force can basically reach the disaster-prone areas within 2 hours, and the basic life of the disaster-affected people can be effectively rescued within 10 hours.

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The sixth part of the “Plan” focuses on strengthening the construction of emergency forces and improving the ability to handle urgent, difficult, dangerous and heavy tasks, including strengthening emergency rescue.main forceMilitary national teams, improve the professional level of industry rescue forces, accelerate the construction of aviation emergency rescue forces, and guide the orderly development of social emergency forces.

The “Plan” proposes to formulate and issue opinions on strengthening the construction of social emergency forces, make institutional arrangements for team building, registration management, participation methods, guarantee methods, incentive mechanisms, requisition compensation, etc., and standardize and guide social emergency forces to participate in emergency rescue operations. .

Zhai Guofang said that my country’s emergency rescue response capability and emergency rescue level rank among the top in the world. In the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, 27,000 people were rescued immediately by the neighbors, and about 8,000 people were rescued by police, firefighters, and the army, which is similar to the situation in China. The development of social emergency forces should be an important force in strengthening the construction of emergency response forces in my country. one of the directions.

The “Plan” clearly states that it is necessary to improve grass-roots governance capabilities, strengthen the construction of safety culture, and promote the improvement of safety quality.educateIncorporated as a nationaleducateSystem, take the popularization of emergency knowledge and self-rescue and escape drills as important contents; build a public-oriented emergency first aid training system, strengthen the construction of “Red Cross Fraternity Homes”, and promote the establishment and improvement of villages (communities) and households. Self-rescue and mutual rescue and neighbor assistance mechanisms Wait.

At the State Council’s regular policy briefing on the “14th Five-Year Plan for the National Emergency Response System”, Chen Sheng said that strengthening the construction of emergency response capabilities, and enhancing the ability to rescue and rescue major disasters will be the shortcoming and basic tasks of emergency system planning. one of the measures. Chen Sheng also emphasized the importance of strengthening system and mechanism construction in emergency response capacity building. It is necessary to focus on establishing and improving a unified and unified emergency command system, and further rationalize the command mechanism of flood control and drought relief, earthquake relief, forest and grassland fire prevention, etc., and strengthen local governments. Implement territorial responsibilities, and improve the level of cross-department, cross-field, and military-civilian coordination.

Ye Qian believes that on the whole, it is necessary to increase the understanding and mastery of the natural environment and disaster-causing factors, improve emergency management plans, early warning, training and other systems, expand publicity, strengthen the public’s ability to prevent disasters, and strengthen disaster prevention and control.insuranceand other financial support, and continuously improve the scientific and technological level of emergency management to strengthen the construction of emergency management system.

(Article source: 21st Century Business Herald)

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