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What will the successful launch of the first twilight orbiting meteorological satellite bring us? |
Xinhua News Agency, Jiuquan, Gansu, July 5th. Question: What will the successful launch of the first twilight orbital meteorological satellite bring us?
Xinhua News Agency reporters Huang Yao and Hu Zhe
At 7:28 on the 5th, huge golden flames rose, and Fengyun-3E was successfully launched on the Long March-4C carrier rocket at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
This world’s first civilian twilight orbital meteorological satellite will be networked with the Fengyun-3 C and D satellites in orbit, making my country the only country in the world that has the ability to simultaneously observe the three orbital meteorological satellites in twilight, morning and afternoon. .
As my country’s second-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite, what is so special about the Fengyun-3 E, called the “Dawn Star”? What will it bring us?
“The last piece of the puzzle” is added to the new track
Generally speaking, the primary task of polar-orbiting meteorological satellites is to provide observational data for numerical weather prediction. Similar to the United States and Europe, my country’s existing polar-orbiting meteorological satellites are concentrated around 10 am and 2 pm. In every 6-hour observation assimilation time window, there are always 2 to 3 orbits in the blank space of satellite observations in the world, which cannot provide initial observations of global coverage.
“E satellite will fill in the’last piece of the puzzle’ of global numerical weather prediction observations.” said Yang Jun, chief designer of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Project of China Meteorological Administration. Numerical forecasting provides a complete global coverage data, which can effectively improve and improve the accuracy and timeliness of global numerical weather forecasting.
Experts predict that this may increase the accuracy of forecasts in the northern and southern hemispheres by 2% to 3%, and the accuracy of regional forecasts at the intercontinental scale will increase by 2% to 10%.
In addition, compared with the morning satellite and the afternoon satellite, the sun altitude angle is low during the observation of the twilight orbit satellite, and the geometric features of the terrain and cloud top height are more obvious.
“Using this advantage, E-star can carry out unique applications in the monitoring and analysis of morning fog, typhoon, and strong convection.” Yang Jun said, “In the future, we can monitor the morning fog at the moment of its occurrence, which will help provide more information for traffic. Timely and effective guidance.”
New technology achieves multiple “firsts”
As an “innovation star”, the Fengyun-3 E star has a large payload, a large number of moving parts, and high quantification requirements… It has achieved multiple “firsts” in technology.
Wang Jinhua, chief designer of the Fengyun-3 E star, said: “The medium-resolution spectral imager mounted on the E star has added a large-wide, high-sensitivity low-light imaging channel with a dynamic range of 7 orders of magnitude. It is my country’s most advanced quantitative global imaging system. The low-light detection instrument can realize high-precision quantitative inversion of atmospheric, land, and ocean parameters after in-orbit application, greatly improving the monitoring accuracy.”
The E-star is equipped with the first dual-frequency dual-polarized wind field measurement radar in China, which can obtain global ocean surface wind speed, wind direction and other wind field information, and achieve high-precision, large-dynamic, and high-resolution measurement of sea surface wind fields. Measure surface physical properties such as sea ice, soil moisture, vegetation, etc.
“Traditional observation methods such as ships, sea buoys, and coastal ocean observatories are not only costly, but also cannot guarantee continuity in time and space.” Wang Jinhua said that satellite monitoring can help obtain more accurate ocean wind field data for climate change research. , Ocean shipping, ocean engineering, etc. to provide references.
At the same time, E-satellite is also the first to achieve a full-spectrum solar observation in China. Through three different loads, the sun is fully and synchronously observed from the spectrum, imaging, total radiation and other aspects, which will provide scientists with a better understanding of the causes of changes in the earth’s climate and weather. Comprehensive information.
New starting point to promote multi-domain applications
Experts said that the successful launch and on-orbit operation of the Fengyun-3 E satellite will enhance my country’s capabilities in applications such as weather forecasting and prediction, response to climate change, environmental and ecological monitoring, and space weather early warning, and improve my country’s existing meteorological operational observation system. This enables my country to form a complementary trend with European and American satellites in terms of business.
“Relying on the unique global observational data of E-star, my country can carry out technical cooperation and exchanges with other meteorological developed countries and regions in the world, and further enhance my country’s right to speak and influence in international meteorological affairs.” Deputy Director, National Satellite Meteorological Center, Feng Yunsan Said Zhang Peng, commander-in-chief of the ground application system.
After networked observations, the Fengyun-3 satellite including E satellite can be used to carry out the quantitative inversion of large-scale vegetation, land surface temperature and other parameters, as well as the identification of ground objects such as water bodies, snow cover, and thermal anomalies, which are droughts and floods. , Forest and grassland fires and other disaster risk and emergency monitoring provide data support.
At the same time, E-star’s newly added remote sensing products such as urban background light synthesis, ocean surface wind, and cloud temperature and humidity profiles will be applied in research fields such as social economy, ocean dynamics, and atmospheric detection.
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