Home » External interference and domestic factors intertwined, “Central Asia Eagle” nearly broke its wings_News Center_Xiamen Net

External interference and domestic factors intertwined, “Central Asia Eagle” nearly broke its wings_News Center_Xiamen Net

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External interference and domestic factors intertwined, “Central Asia Eagle” nearly broke its wings

On January 12, local time, in Almaty, Kazakhstan, peacekeepers from Russia and other Collective Security Treaty Organization countries.

In the ancient Kazakh legend, the eagle is the only divine bird that can look directly at the sun without being burned by the flames, and is the ultimate hunter flying in this sky. When the eagle arrived in 2022, its wings were nearly broken – the blue sky it used to gallop was once shrouded in the haze of riots and conflicts.

Kazakhstan, which just celebrated its 30th anniversary of independence, experienced its largest unrest since independence in early 2022. The public demonstrations spread from the western border to the whole country. The demonstrators pointed the finger at the first President Nazarbayev. The whole country entered a state of emergency, and the CSTO peacekeeping forces intervened. Nearly 10,000 demonstrators were arrested…

Demonstrators’ demands shift from people’s livelihood to politics

The unrest began in the Mangistau region, an oil-producing region in western Kazakhstan.

Domestic civil natural gas has always been supplied at a price limit, and the price of natural gas is relatively low. However, in order to solve the problem of loss of gas companies, the government announced that from January 1, 2022, the price of civil gas will be raised from 60 tenge (0.88 yuan) / liter to 120 tenge (about 1.6 yuan) / liter. As soon as the news came out, tens of thousands of ordinary people and oil workers in Mani state flooded the streets, putting forward economic demands such as lowering gas prices to protect people’s livelihood. The protests turned into massive unrest across the country in just a few days, despite the government’s pledge to lower gas prices in an attempt to quell the wave of protests. The speed at which the popular protest turned violent has surprised many.

What is even more surprising is that shortly after the demonstrators made their economic demands, they quickly pointed the finger at former President Nursultan Nazarbayev, accusing his family of corruption and “listening to politics”. The demonstrators shouted the slogan “Father of the Nation, go away”. In Taldykurgan, Nazarbayev’s hometown of Almaty region, a statue of him was torn down by protesters. In response to public opinion, on January 5, after accepting the government’s resignation, the current President of Kazakhstan, Tokayev, announced that he would remove former President Nursultan Nazarbayev’s chairman of the National Security Council and hold the post concurrently.

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Why the riots started in Mangistau

The Mangistau state on the western border of Kazakhstan is the country’s “eventful place”. Since Kazakhstan’s independence, there have been many demonstrations and demonstrations in the state, and two of them have received high attention from the outside world. On December 16, 2011, during a rally in Zanaozin to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Kazakhstan’s independence, thousands of oil workers and citizens stormed government buildings and police stations, demanding the resignation of then-President Nursultan Nazarbayev. At least 10 demonstrators were killed. In May 2016, a demonstration against Nazarbayev’s agricultural reform plan broke out in Aktau City, and finally Nazarbayev revised the relevant decree in accordance with public opinion.

In the eyes of the world, oil fields often mean wealth and money. As a relatively affluent region of the oil-producing state of Mangistau, why are there frequent demonstrations against the government?

The “unstable” gene planted by “tribal consciousness” may be one of the deep-seated reasons why this demonstration and riot originated in Mangistau and spread to the whole of Kazakhstan.

The frequent challenges to the central authority in the western part of Kazakhstan can be traced back to “Yuzi” (meaning “region” and “part”—Editor’s Note), a traditional Kazakh nomadic society. Today, Kazakhstan’s territory from west to east once belonged to “Little Jade”, “Zhong Jade” and “Big Jade”. Historically, each Jade was not under each other’s control, and maintained a relationship of conquest and conquest. The eastern “Dayuzi” has the strongest strength and claims to be orthodox Kazakhs; the central “Zhongyuzi” has the largest area and the largest population; the western “Xiaoyuzi” is martial, but has the weakest influence and the deepest degree of Russification.

The tribal consciousness of the Kazakh nation is accompanied by this nation, and there are traces in the country’s political life. Senlayeshkin, a scholar at the Kazakh Presidential Strategy Institute, believes that the selection of Kazakh political elites has obvious tribal colors. Nazarbayev once said, “Kazakh is a nation that has never been unified, and is still divided into tribes.” The establishment of the Soviet Union objectively integrated the three “Yuzi” into a republic with the same national consciousness, and the three “Yuzi” formed a balance of power in the political situation of Kazakhstan at that time. However, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the independence of Kazakhstan, the balance between the three “Yuzi” was broken. Nazarbayev, who was born in “Da Yuz”, used a large number of “Da Yuz” political elites in the early days. In 1997, the capital of Kazakhstan was moved from Almaty in the “Da Yuz” to Astana in the “Zhong Yuz”, and the selection of national political elites also began to tilt towards the “Zhong Yuz”. Slowly lost the old sense of political superiority. At the same time, the “Little Jade”, which is rich in oil and gas resources and whose people’s living standards are not high, has seen a decreasing participation in the political life of the country after independence. The deep-rooted tribal consciousness of the Kazakh nation, the martial spirit of the “Xiaoyuzi”, the evolution and imbalance of the status of the three “Yuzi” in the country’s political life, combined with several factors, it is not difficult to understand why the “Xiaoyuzi” Manggis Anti-government protests broke out in the Taozhou Council for many times, and the riot soon received the response and cooperation from Almaty in the “Dayuzi” area. It is also under this traditional trend of thought that the powerful department staff in some areas even acquiesced in the occurrence of riots.

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Interweaving of external interference and domestic political struggle

At present, the situation in Kazakhstan has gradually stabilized. The Kazakh President’s website issued a notice on the 9th saying that the current security situation across the country has stabilized and the situation is under control. The previously occupied administrative facilities have been recaptured by law enforcement, and public facilities and the medical system have resumed operations. Kazakhstan’s law enforcement and armed forces are continuing to take measures to restore order in the country. The riot gradually subsided, the fog gradually dissipated, and the Kazakh eagle was still galloping in the blue sky.

To briefly review, from the perspective of the process and time of the incident, the riot has shown unusual professionalism and flexibility from the initial changes in the organization and people’s demands, to the multi-point series and rapid spread.

On January 1, the price of natural gas was raised, and the people of Mangistau took to the streets.

On January 2, protests and demonstrations quickly broke out in Almaty.

On January 3, the government made concessions to cut gas prices, but the wave of demonstrations intensified.

On January 4, the demonstrators pointed their finger at Nazarbayev, the first president of Kazakhstan, demanding a dialogue with the current President Tokayev and cleaning up Nazarbayev’s “family corruption”.

On January 5, demonstrators in Almaty took control of the local international airport and stormed the local municipal government, prosecutor’s office and state television. President Tokayev accepted the government’s resignation on the same day and declared a state of emergency across the country; announced that Nazarbayev was removed from the post of chairman of the National Security Council, and Tokayev himself held the post concurrently.

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Observers noted a certain level of organization after the protests turned into mass unrest. In a video exposed by Russia’s “360TV” news network on January 6, somewhere in Kazakhstan, an unidentified person took out a weapon from the trunk of an unmarked vehicle and distributed it to protesters in an orderly manner. In a video released on January 7 by Kazakhstan’s state TV station “Habar Channel 24”, an unlicensed vehicle in Shymkent in the southern Kazakh city is loaded with a large number of guns and ammunition and distributed to protesters. Many analysts pointed out that external forces were behind the incident in Kazakhstan, and the Kazakh opposition and Western NGOs in exile also played a disgraceful role.

For the nationwide unrest in Kazakhstan, the Russian side responded quickly. In the early morning of January 6, Tokayev submitted an application for military assistance to the CSTO; the Russian Ministry of Defense issued an announcement on the 6th that the first batch of Russian military personnel of the CSTO peacekeeping force had arrived in Kazakhstan, with a total of The CSTO peacekeeping force of nearly 4,000 people was stationed on the next day (7th). Russian President’s Press Secretary Peskov said on January 5 that Russia firmly believes that Kazakhstan has the ability to deal with domestic crises, but he also emphasized that in this riot in Kazakhstan, the interference of external forces is something Russia does not want to see. of.

Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi said in a phone call with the Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan on January 10 that the sudden turmoil in Kazakhstan shows that the situation in Central Asia is still facing severe challenges, and once again proves that some external forces do not want us to be like this Peace and tranquility in the area. China is willing to increase bilateral cooperation in anti-interference with Kazakhstan, safeguard the security of the political systems and regimes of the two countries, prevent and oppose any “color revolution” attempts, and jointly oppose the interference and infiltration of any force.

This newspaper, Beijing, January 12th

China Youth Daily, China Youth Daily reporter Zhao Qi Source: China Youth Daily

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