Multiple myeloma revealed: From bone pain to frequent infections, explore the warning signs and treatment options. Here are the seven symptoms to recognize it!
Cancer in the bone marrow, commonly known as multiple myeloma, is a form of cancer that affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to help fight infections. This insidious disease develops in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside the bones where new blood cells are produced. Although the exact causes of multiple myeloma remain unknown, researchers have identified some risk factors and mechanisms that may contribute to its development.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact causes of multiple myeloma are not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its development. Among the risk factors identified are advanced age (most cases are diagnosed in people over the age of 60), gender (slightly more common in men than women), exposure to toxic chemicals , radiation, some viruses, and a family history of multiple myeloma or other hematologic cancers.
The seven most common symptoms of multiple myeloma, which indicate the possible presence of this type of tumor in the bone marrow, are:
Bone Pain: One of the most frequent signs, especially in the area of the back, ribs and long bones. The pain is often described as persistent and may worsen with movement.
Bone Fractures: Bone fragility increases, making bones more susceptible to fractures, even following minor trauma. This symptom is due to bone damage caused by cancerous cells.
Fatigue: Feeling tired and weak that does not improve with rest. It is often caused by anemia, a condition in which the body has a shortage of healthy red blood cells.
Frequent Infections: Malignant plasma cells can suppress the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to infection.
Unusual Weight Loss: Weight loss for no apparent reason can be a sign of multiple myeloma, as well as other types of cancer.
Kidney Problems: Kidney function can be impaired by excess light proteins produced by malignant plasma cells, known as immunoglobulin light chains or Bence Jones proteinuria.
High Blood Calcium Levels: Known as hypercalcemia, it can cause excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, constipation and, in severe cases, confusion or cognitive difficulties.
The presence of one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has multiple myeloma, but should encourage a medical consultation for an accurate diagnosis and, if necessary, the initiation of appropriate treatment.
Multiple myeloma is a complex disease with multiple diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Despite advances in understanding and treatment, research continues to discover the exact causes and develop more effective therapies. Awareness of symptoms and risk factors can play a crucial role in early diagnosis, thus improving the outlook for those affected by this disease.