Bipolar disorder can have a significant impact on life. The complex disease has a variety of causes – from genetic factors to environmental triggers.
Genetic factors: A certain genetic predisposition may increase the likelihood of developing bipolar disorder.Brain structure and function: Differences in brain structure and function are observed in people with bipolar disorder.Psychosocial factors and lifestyle: Psychosocial factors such as stress or trauma in childhood and social problems can influence the development of bipolar disorder. In addition, drug use and increased stress are also considered triggers.Environmental factors: There is evidence that the season may play a role, with manic episodes occurring more frequently in the summer and depressive episodes occurring more frequently in the fall.
Genetic factors
The role of genetics in bipolar disorder is still a subject of research. Not all genetic connections have been clearly proven. And: The presence of certain genes does not necessarily mean that the disease will break out. However, bipolar disorder can run in families. Research has shown that a child with a sick parent is at increased risk. If both parents are affected, the risk increases even further. The genetic predisposition forms the basis, but additional factors are usually responsible for the onset of the disease.
Brain structure and function
In people with bipolar disorder, some studies have found differences in brain structure and function, particularly in the function of brain messengers such as dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and GABA, as well as altered activity of the limbic system. These changes could contribute to the symptoms of bipolar disorder and are important starting points for the development of new treatments. Currently, however, diagnosis and treatment are based on the patient’s symptoms and history.
Psychosocial factors and lifestyle
The relationship between psychosocial factors and the development of this disease is complex. Psychological factors can be both a cause and a consequence of the condition, and research in this area is constantly evolving.
However, traumatic experiences in childhood or social problems such as financial worries and the loss of loved ones can act as stressors and trigger bipolar disorder. Additionally, drug abuse, alcohol consumption, certain medications, stress, and lack of sleep can trigger both manic and depressive episodes in people with bipolar disorder.
Environmental factors
Seasonal variations may influence the frequency of manic and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder, due to the influence of light on serotonin metabolism. Manic episodes occur more frequently in summer and depressive episodes more frequently in autumn. However, the exact mechanism behind this is not yet fully understood.
About the author
Lucia Windhoff is an experienced communications expert with a bachelor’s degree in media studies and art history as well as a master’s degree in communications management. She has diverse professional experience in different industries such as automotive, e-commerce and food. She has been at Burda Forward for almost three years, where she initially worked in campaign management for the health and lifestyle areas before moving to the health editorial team. There she deals intensively with various diseases and their causes, symptoms and prevention.
Important NOTE: This is general information only. We do not claim to be complete. If you suspect bipolar disorder, please see a doctor immediately. This information can never replace the advice of a doctor.