Under the “double reduction” policy, the comprehensive development of Chinese primary and middle school students is gradually guaranteed. The Ministry of Education recently released data on sleep time of primary and secondary school students after the “double reduction” and found that nearly 80% of students can ensure adequate sleep.
The Ministry of Education website recently reported on the implementation and progress of primary and secondary school students’ homework, sleep, and mobile phone management. Among them, the requirement of “three hours” is proposed, that is, elementary school students must meet 10 hours of sleep, junior high school students 9 hours, and high school students 8 hours of sleep. The data shows that after the “double reduction”, 98.7% of schools nationwide have established a sleep monitoring system, and 96.1% of elementary schools and 97.4% of junior high schools start classes in the morning. ：00” stipulation. In the past fall semester, 77.14 million parents’ anonymous questionnaires reported that 76.2% of students could guarantee the above-mentioned sleep time requirements.
Ensuring the sleep time of young people has always been a problem that all countries are trying to overcome. “Global Times” reporters inquired about the official data of the health departments of many different countries, showing that most countries’ recommendations for adolescents’ sleep are 9-12 hours for 6-12 years old, and 8-10 hours for middle and high school students. .
Medical institutions and education departments in various European countries have specific recommendations for the sleep time of kindergarten and elementary and middle school students. Generally, kindergarten children (3-5 years old) are recommended to sleep for 10-13 hours; for elementary school students (6-12 years old), the recommended sleep time is 9-11 hours; middle school students (13-18 years old): 8-10 hours of sleep is recommended. However, many studies have concluded that European primary and secondary school students sleep too little. In May of this year, a cross-country comparative study of 24 European and North American countries and regions showed that the problem of insufficient sleep during school days among young people is widespread in various countries, and about 25% of young people have difficulty falling asleep at least one day a week. The proportion of teenagers who reach the recommended length of sleep on school days is 32-86%, while that on non-school days is between 79-92%.
Earlier, a survey conducted by the German insurance company DAK also showed that almost one-third of primary and secondary school students have insomnia problems, and one-half complained of being too tired every day. The higher the grade, the shorter the sleep time. The ninth and tenth grade students only have an average of 7 hours of sleep.
The official website of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also mentioned similar issues. According to official data, American health experts recommend that 6-12-year-olds guarantee 9-12 hours of sleep, and 13-18-year-olds guarantee 8-10 hours of sleep. However, only 60% of junior high school students can guarantee it, and about 70% of high school students.
Whether it is in China or overseas, studies generally believe that the main reason for the lack of sleep among young people is that one is excessive academic pressure, and the other is “sleep disturbance” caused by various electronic devices (such as TVs, computers, and mobile phones). According to the official website of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, the situation of the country’s primary and middle school students staying up late is very serious globally. “Watching TV” and “playing games” are the main reasons, especially on weekends, this phenomenon is even more serious, part of the reason It is the parents who work overtime and cannot look after their children at home. Many European primary and middle school students spend more than 4 hours in front of TV, mobile phones, and computers every day. Some experts say that students only charge their mobile phones at night, but forget to “charge” themselves. The more lack of sleep, the more stress it will bring to students, which is often accompanied by headaches, back pain, abdominal pain and depression. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also warned that year-round lack of sleep can prematurely cause problems such as diabetes and heart disease in children.
In order to let children have enough time to sleep, European countries have their own methods. German families often set a “statutory bedtime” for their children, that is, German children under the age of 14 must go to bed at 7 o’clock in the evening, and no more than 8 o’clock in the evening. When the time comes, the parents will turn off the lights in the children’s room, even if they sleep. If you don’t, you have to lie on the bed to create a good sleeping atmosphere. Many German parents don’t know the reason for this “statutory bedtime”, but they think it is good for their health.
In addition, European children’s TV channels no longer broadcast programs after 7pm. Many public places also stipulate that young people are not allowed to enter after 7 pm to 8 pm. Commercial television stations must not allow young people under the age of 18 to appear on the live broadcast stage after 10 p.m.
Similar to China, the American Academy of Pediatrics also recommends that schools start classes after 8:30 in the morning. However, data shows that 93% of high schools and 83% of junior high schools in the United States fail to meet this standard. The reasons that make it difficult for schools to have evening classes are transportation costs and the time operation of the entire community. To this end, health experts are also mediating with various school districts and parents.
On the advice of the Chinese Ministry of Education, more and more schools in the country provide nap time. As a “featured activity” in China, the afternoon nap has also received attention from many other countries in recent years. Studies have found that nap has a lot of influence on the neurocognitive function of adolescents. Studies in the United Kingdom show that a nap of less than 30 minutes can make children more focused, more efficient, and more creative, and the effect is better than no nap or long nap.
At present, European kindergartens pay more attention to children’s naps. Most kindergartens have nap regulations. However, unlike Chinese kindergartens, European children are not forced to take a nap, and the time is relatively short. Some kindergarten students even sleep on the ground or take a nap outdoors. However, there is no siesta rule in European schools.
[环球时报驻德国特约记者 青木 环球时报记者 张雪婷]
Original title: What tricks do countries use to ensure adolescent sleep time?
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