Rosa Miranda Testa, an endocrinologist and head of the Humanitas Gavazzeni Bergamo Thyroid Clinic, recently spoke in depth about the function of the parathyroid glands and the potential issues that can arise from their malfunction.
The parathyroid glands are responsible for producing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a critical role in regulating calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels in the body. However, when the parathyroids become overactive, a condition known as hyperparathyroidism can occur. This can lead to an excessive increase in calcium in the blood, potentially causing osteoporosis, cardiac arrhythmias, neurological problems, and kidney stones.
Diagnosing hyperparathyroidism can be challenging, as the causes of the increased PTH levels are not always straightforward. However, blood and urine tests can help determine if primary hyperparathyroidism is present, and further imaging tests such as ultrasounds, parathyroid scintigraphy, and PET scans may be required to locate any adenomas.
When it comes to prevention, Dr. Testa emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition and the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements when necessary. Additionally, exposure to sunlight is crucial for obtaining vitamin D, although caution must be exercised to prevent skin damage.
In terms of treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism, surgery may be necessary if hypercalcemia is severe or if complications such as osteoporosis or kidney stones are present. In cases where surgery is not an option, medication can be used to control calcium levels and reduce PTH secretion.
Overall, Dr. Testa highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate management of hyperparathyroidism to prevent long-term complications and improve patient outcomes.