Cardiovascular Disease: Understanding Dyslipidemia and Prevention Strategies
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with millions of lives lost each year. In Europe alone, over 4 million deaths are attributed to cardiovascular disease annually. In Italy, it affects 230,000 people and accounts for 35.8% of deaths, with one in three individuals succumbing to its effects.
To address this significant health issue, preventive measures are crucial. The guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases emphasize the role of various risk factors, some of which are modifiable, such as overweight or obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Other risk factors, such as genetic predisposition, age, and certain medical conditions like hypertension and diabetes, are not easily altered.
Dyslipidemia, characterized by high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, is a key factor in cardiovascular risk. We spoke with Monica Antonini, a medical director specializing in Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, to better understand dyslipidemia and its implications.
Antonini explains that dyslipidemia can be caused by genetic mutations or lifestyle factors, such as poor diet and lack of physical activity. Elevated cholesterol levels, particularly LDL (“bad” cholesterol), are directly linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Detecting dyslipidemia is relatively simple through a blood test, and treatment involves personalized approaches based on individual risk factors.
Pharmacological options, such as statins and other medications, may be recommended for managing dyslipidemia. However, lifestyle interventions, including dietary changes and regular exercise, play a significant role in reducing cardiovascular risk. The Mediterranean diet, known for its heart-healthy benefits, is often recommended for patients with dyslipidemia.
Antonini also cautions against the use of supplements without medical supervision, as some may interact with medications or have unintended side effects. While certain supplements, like red yeast rice and Omega-3 fatty acids, show promise in controlling cholesterol and triglyceride levels, their efficacy and safety should be carefully monitored.
In conclusion, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity, is key to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. By addressing modifiable risk factors like dyslipidemia, individuals can take proactive steps towards preserving their heart health and overall well-being.