Newly Recognized Disease, Lipedema, Often Mistaken for Obesity or Cellulite
Lipedema is a disease that has often been mistaken for obesity or excess cellulite in the past. However, in January 2022, it was officially included in the international classification of pathologies of the World Health Organization, shedding light on the condition and its impacts. Lipedema is defined as an abnormal accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue localized symmetrically in specific regions of the body, such as the thighs, ankles, hips, buttocks, and arms, unlike obesity, where fat is distributed more evenly.
Affecting approximately 10% of women, lipedema is still significantly underestimated and can become a chronic and disabling disease. Dr. Angelo Santoliquido, a professor of Internal Medicine and director of the Angiology and Diagnostics Unit non-invasive vascular treatment at the Gemelli Polyclinic in Rome, explained that lipedema can begin at any age and is often linked to hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause.
The disease is known to manifest itself with subcutaneous nodules, which can progress to larger size, changes in skin texture, bruising, and pain. If left untreated, there is a risk of developing a more severe condition known as lipolymphedema, which is the simultaneous presence of lipedema and lymphedema. The causes of lipedema are not solely related to poor nutrition or a sedentary lifestyle, but rather, there is a genetic predisposition as well as potential triggers such as hormonal alterations or metabolic syndrome.
Diagnosing lipedema can be challenging as there are no specific tests. However, competent specialists can make a diagnosis based on clinical observation and palpation of the affected areas. Once diagnosed, there are various treatment approaches including following an anti-inflammatory diet, wearing compression stockings, and in some cases, undergoing liposuction. However, it is crucial for individuals to maintain a healthy lifestyle and weight control, as these treatments are not a cure but can help manage the symptoms and aesthetic aspects of the disease.
It is important to distinguish lipedema from other conditions such as cellulite and lymphedema. Lipedema is characterized by a disproportion in the legs, pain, and is typically associated with a genetic predisposition. On the other hand, cellulite primarily affects the abdomen, hips, buttocks, and thighs, and is related to an increase in fat cells and retention of water. Lymphedema, on the other hand, involves a slowdown in lymphatic circulation, often leading to swelling in the affected areas.
As the awareness and understanding of lipedema continue to grow, it is hoped that more research and support will become available for those affected by this often-misdiagnosed condition.