It can appear virtually anywhere on the body. Precisely for this reason we speak of atopic dermatitis (from the Greek “a-topos”, which means, precisely, without a precise place). In fact, dryness, redness and itching can occur on the face, but also on the arms, legs, trunk, eyelids, corners of the mouth and scalp. Nuisances that we often tend to endure in the hope that they will pass by themselves. But unfortunately this waiting can cause a worsening of symptoms. How to understand then that it is atopic dermatitis?
Thorough examination of the skin
The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is based in most cases on the clinical examination by the dermatologist, who collects the symptoms described by the patient. We therefore go in search of signs such as eczema, scratching lesions and dry skin. Even if at the moment – particularly in adults – there are no real standardized criteria, the diagnosis remains predominantly clinical. However, since this is a disease that often affects subjects genetically predisposed to allergies, it may be necessary to carry out allergological tests to identify any hypersensitivity, which however should not automatically be considered the cause of atopic dermatitis. In 60% of cases, high levels of total IgE and allergen-specific IgE antibodies can be found (inhalant or food allergens are involved). The investigation of these specific antibodies can be useful in identifying the presence of allergies and understanding how much they can affect in determining severe atopic dermatitis. In some cases, an increase in eosinophils in the blood can be detected. Eosinophils are cells of the immune system, and their concentrations in the blood can be related to the severity of atopic dermatitis.
The risk of infections
Furthermore, in patients with atopic dermatitis, it is always important to evaluate the presence of infections. The suspicion can arise when the lesions intensely erythematous and with the presence of exudate (possible S. aureus infection) or in the presence of the typical herpetic lesions from Herpes Simplex. Not only that: it is particularly important that the diagnosis is performed by an expert dermatologist because in some individuals atopic dermatitis can present complex or atypical pictures that can be confused with those of other dermatological and non-dermatological pathologies, such as scabies, mycosis or skin lymphomas. . In these cases it is necessary to proceed with the differential diagnosis that can make use of specific instrumental diagnostic investigations, such as skin biopsy.
The importance of preventive treatments
Atopic dermatitis is a disease that derives from the complex interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors, therefore it is not possible to prevent it. But can the more serious consequences of atopic dermatitis be prevented? In part, yes, by keeping the skin hydrated and nourished and avoiding drying it: this also helps prevent relapses if you have already suffered from atopic dermatitis in the past. In addition, it is important to limit prolonged baths with water that is too hot, which can dry out the skin; avoid using soaps, perfumes and other possible irritants; do not use irritating fabrics such as raw wool and synthetics and eat in a healthy and balanced way.