Medicine test 2022: which topics to study

TEST MEDICINE 2022

There is time until July 22 to register for the test medicine 2022: at the moment the aspiring students who will face the entrance test are struggling with the registration on Universitaly and with the completion of the same with the payment of the contribution to be paid to the university where the test will take place.

This year i 60 questions of the 2022 medicine test will be divided as follows:

• 4 questions on reading skills and knowledge acquired in studies;
• 5 questions of logical reasoning and problems;
• 23 biology questions;
• 15 chemistry questions;
• 13 questions of physics and mathematics.

MEDICINE TEST 2022: TOPICS TO STUDY

Here are the topics identified by the MUR on which to prepare for the 2022 medicine test:

1. Reading skills and knowledge acquired in studies

The ability to understand texts written in Italian of different nature and with different communication purposes constitutes a transversal competence, since all types of questions will be formulated in Italian, even using symbolic language. The following skills will also be subject to specific verification: understand in real contexts the abstract, uncommon or specialized lexicon; identify the phenomena of textual cohesion and coherence; extract and infer specific information from the text.These abilities will be tested starting from short texts of scientific or non-fictional classical and contemporary fiction, or from short current affairs texts published in daily newspapers and in generalist or specialized journals. typology and theme, will be subject to verification skills acquired in previous studies and knowledge of general culture or topics subject to contemporary public debate. In particular, the questions will ascertain: the ability to orient oneself in the space and time represented, or to place important historical-cultural phenomena in space and time; knowledge of the main national and international institutions; the understanding of phenomena pertaining to the legal, economic and citizenship fields.

2. Logical reasoning and problems

The questions are aimed at testing the ability to logically complete a reasoning, in a manner consistent with the premises. These premises are expressed in overbale symbolic form, and deal with cases or problems, even of an abstract nature, whose solution requires the adoption of different forms of logical reasoning.

3. Biology

The chemistry of the living. The biological importance of weak interactions. The organic molecules present in organisms and their respective functions. The role of enzymes. The cell as the basis of life. Cell theory. Cell size. Cellulaprocaryotic and eukaryotic, animal and vegetable. Viruses. The cell membrane: structure and functions; transport across the membrane. Cell structures and their specific functions. Cell cycle and cell reproduction: mitosis and meiosis – chromosomal set and chromosomal maps. Reproduction and inheritance. Life cycles. Sexual and asexual reproduction. Mendelian genetics: Mendel’s laws and their applications. Classical genetics: chromosomal theory of inheritance – models of inheritance. Molecular genetics: structure and duplication of DNA, the genetic code, protein synthesis. The DNA of prokaryotes. The structure of the eukaryotic chromosome. Hygenes and the regulation of gene expression. Human genetics: transmission of mono- and polyfactorial characters; autosomal and X-linked inherited diseases. Mutations. Natural and artificial selection. Evolutionary theories. The genetic basis of evolution. Inheritance and the environment. Biotechnologies: recombinant DNA technology and its applications. Anatomy and Physiology of animals and humans. Animal tissues. Anatomy and physiology of human systems and apparatuses and related interactions. Homeostasis. Bioenergetics. The energy currency of cells: ATP. Redox reactions in living things. Energy processes: photosynthesis, glycolysis, aerobic respiration and fermentation.

4. Chemistry

The constitution of matter: the states of aggregation of matter; heterogeneous systems and homogeneous systems; compounds and elements • Laws of ideal gases. The structure of the atom: elementary particles; atomic number and mass number, isotopes, electronic structure of the atoms of the various elements. The periodic system of elements: groups and periods; transition elements. Periodic properties of the elements: atomic radius, ionization potential, electron affinity, metallic character. Relations between electronic structure, position in the periodic system and properties of the elements. The chemical bond: ionic bond, covalent and metallic bond. Binding energy. Polarity of the bonds. Electronegativity. Intermolecular bonds. Fundamentals of inorganic chemistry: nomenclature and main properties of inorganic compounds: oxides, hydroxides, acids, salts. Chemical reactions and stoichiometry: atomic and molecular mass, Avogadro’s number, concept of mole and its application, elementary calcistichiometric, balancing of simple reactions, the different types of chemical reaction. Solutions: solvent properties of water, solubility, the main ways of expressing the concentration of solutions. Equilibria in aqueous solution. Elements of chemical kinetics and catalysis. Oxidation and reduction: oxidation number, concept of oxidant and reduction. Balancing of simple reactions • Acids and bases: the concept of acid and base. Acidity, neutrality and basicity of aqueous solutions. The pH. Hydrolysis. Buffer solutions • Fundamentals of organic chemistry: bonds between carbon atoms, crude formulas and structure, concept of isomerism. Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Functional groups: alcohols, ethers, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides. Elements of nomenclature.

5. Mathematics

Numerical sets and algebra: natural, integer, rational, real numbers. Sorting and comparison; order of magnitude and scientific notation. Operations and their properties. Proportions and percentages. Powers with integer, rational exponent) and their properties. Radicals and their properties. Logarithms (base 10 and base e) and their properties. Basics of combinatorics. Algebraic expressions, polynomials. Notable products, n-th power of a binomial, factorization of the polynomials. Algebraic fractions. First and second degree algebraic equations and inequalities. Systems of equations. Functions: fundamental notions on functions and their graphic representations (domain, codomain, study of the sign, continuity, maximums and minimums, crescenzae decrescenza, etc.). Elementary functions: integer and fraction algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, goniometric. Compound functions and inverse functions. Equations and goniometric equations. Geometry: polygons and their properties. Circumference and circle. Measurements of lengths, surfaces and volumes. Isometries, similarities and equivalences in the plane. Geometric places. Angles measurement in degrees and radians. Sine, cosine, tangent of an angle and their notable values. Protractor formulas. Resolutionof triangles. Cartesian reference system in the plane. Distance of two points and midpoint of a segment. Equation of the line. Conditions of parallelism and perpendicularity. Distance of a point from a line. Equation of the circumference, of the parabola, of the hyperbola, of the ellipse and their representation in the Cartesian plane. Pythagorean theorem. Euclid’s theorems (first and second). Probability and statistics: frequency distributions according to the type of character and main graphical representations. Notion of random experiment and event. Probability and frequency.

6. Physics

Physical quantities and their measurement: Fundamental and derived physical quantities. Systems of measurement units: International and Technical. Multiples and submultiples. Scientific notation. Main conversions between units of measurement of different systems. Scalar and vector quantities. Vectors and operations on vectors. Kinematics: Description of motion. Angular velocity and velocity, acceleration and centripetal acceleration. Uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated motion, uniform circular motion, harmonic motion. Dynamics: Concept of force as an interaction between bodies. Forces as carriers applied. The principle of inertia. Mass and the 2nd law of dynamics. Examples of forces: weight force, elastic force, static and dynamic friction. Action and reaction: the 3rd principle of dynamics. Pulse and momentum. Principle of conservation of momentum. Moment of a force and angular momentum. Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces and potential energy. Principle of conservation of mechanical energy. Power. Fluid mechanics: Density and compressibility of fluids. Gases and liquids. Hydrostatics: pressure and principles of Pascal, Stevino and Archimede. Liquids dynamics: one-dimensional motion, flow and flow rate, continuity equation. Fluids and Bernoulli equation. Viscous forces in real fluids. Thermodynamics: Equilibrium, concept of temperature, thermometers. Concept of heat and calorimetry. Modes of heat propagation. Thermal capacity and specific heat. Changes of state and latent heat. Laws of perfect gases. First and second law of thermodynamics. Electricity and electromagnetism: Electric charges. Forces between charges and Coulomb’s law. Electric field and potential, equipotential surfaces. Electric constant, capacitance, capacitors. Electrostatic energy. Series and parallel of capacitors. Generators. Electric voltage. Electric current. Resistivity, resistance, resistors. Ohm’s law. Series and parallel of resistors. Kirchhoff’s principles. Work, Power, Joule Effect. Direct and alternating current. Period and frequency. Magnetic field of an electric current. Forces on electric currents in the magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction.

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