Extreme Cold Weather Poses Danger of Frostbite
As temperatures drop dangerously low across the country, health experts are urging the public to be aware of the risks of frostbite caused by exposure to extreme cold. Frostbite occurs when the skin and tissue underneath freeze, and can occur much faster than many people realize.
According to the National Weather Service, freezing depends not only on the outside temperature, but also the wind chill factor. As wind speed increases, the body cools at a faster rate, causing skin temperature to drop. Higher altitudes can also increase the rate at which skin freezes.
The National Weather Service created a wind chill graph to show how long it could take for frostbite to develop at different temperatures and wind speeds. For example, at zero degrees Fahrenheit and calm, the chance of frostbite is relatively low, but with a wind speed of 15 miles per hour, it would take just 30 minutes before freezing would occur. The risk increases significantly with wind speeds higher than 80 kilometers per hour.
Individuals at higher risk of frostbite include smokers, those taking beta blockers, individuals with poor blood flow to their legs, or those with diabetes or Raynaud’s syndrome. Seniors, people living outdoors without adequate clothing, hikers, and hunters who are not properly dressed are also at high risk. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also warns that excessive alcohol consumption or drug use can increase the risk of frostbite.
Frostbite can occur in three stages. During the first stage, known as frostnip, the skin may turn red and have a tingling sensation. In the second stage, the skin may become pale, hard, and numb, while in the third stage, it may appear blue and mottled, and be numb to pain and cold. Immediate medical treatment is crucial to prevent permanent damage and potential amputation of the affected areas.
Health experts advise individuals to seek immediate medical attention if they suspect frostbite, and to avoid refreezing the affected areas. It is also important to carefully warm the affected areas, but to refrain from rubbing snow or massaging the frozen areas which could worsen tissue damage.
As temperatures continue to drop, it is critical for individuals to take the necessary precautions to protect themselves from the dangerous risks of frostbite.