【Environmental Protection Talk】
Author: Wang Ru (Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China[国家行政学院]Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Ecological Civilization)
As one of the 36 hotspots of global biodiversity, the special geographical location and climatic conditions enable Ganzi Prefecture to have the diversity of genes, species, ecology and landscape. It is an important ecological security barrier and key ecological function area in China. The author observes that Ganzi Prefecture fully recognizes the importance and urgency of biodiversity conservation, adheres to the concept of “protecting the ecological environment is to protect productivity, and improving the ecological environment is to develop productivity”. Significant results have been achieved in the overall planning of biodiversity protection and economic and social development, and a road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature with local characteristics and typical significance has been embarked on.
Golden pheasant living in Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan.Photo by Zhou Huaming/Guangming Picture
Garze Prefecture is also a sensitive and fragile area of ecological environment while assuming an important ecological barrier function. The average altitude of this area is 3000~4000 meters, and the ecological background is not stable. Once damaged, it is extremely difficult to recover. Ecological fragility makes the contradiction between local development and protection more prominent. If you can’t keep the green waters and mountains, Ganzi’s production, life, and economic and social development will be severely restricted. How to keep? Ganzi Prefecture has explored and formed the following experience:
To guard the green waters and mountains, we must strengthen the protection of the source. Ganzi prefecture regards the maintenance of biodiversity as the focus of ecological protection and restoration, through the improvement of the nature reserve network, scientific delineation and strict compliance with the ecological red line to curb the degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and strive to achieve in-situ protection of ecosystems and ecosystems. Natural habitat. For example, establish nature reserves in areas where wild animals and plants are concentrated, scientifically delineate no-mining areas, recuperation areas, and quasi-mining areas, and reserve fish migration channels when new power stations and water conservancy projects are built in important waters to minimize the impact of human activities. The negative impact of biodiversity. In addition, bamboo curtain fences are used to fix sand and raise grass, prohibit excessive grazing, strengthen soil erosion control, rescue endangered species… A series of ecological restoration and biodiversity protection measures have increased natural value, added natural capital, and protected economic and social development. The potential and stamina have enabled the green waters and green mountains to realize the unification of ecological, economic and social benefits.
To maintain the green waters and green hills, we must change the development mode. In the past, the production and lifestyle highly dependent on natural resources put great pressure on the ecological system of Ganzi Prefecture. For example, overgrazing caused aggravation of grassland ecological problems, plateau swamp wetlands withered and degraded, disordered mineral development, hydropower development, and random mining. Serious ecological damage. Conversely, the deteriorating ecological environment restricts high-quality development and the improvement of people’s living standards. In recent years, Ganzi Prefecture has actively changed its development model, guided by the concept of green development, and focused on the development of eco-tourism, eco-agriculture and animal husbandry, specialty agricultural and livestock product processing, Chinese and Tibetan medicine, and on the basis of high-level ecological environmental protection. Ethnic and folk handicrafts, such as green ecological industries that reflect the advantages of resource endowments and show local characteristics, have realized the combination of ecological economicization and economic ecologicalization, reflecting the comprehensive value of “green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains”.
To defend the green waters and green mountains, we must rely on the people. The local people have deep feelings for the wild animals and plants in their hometowns. The knowledge and culture passed from generation to generation and years of personal experience have made them a group that knows the local natural and social environment best. Ganzi Prefecture gives full play to the wishes and experience advantages of the masses, and makes the people who “born in Sri Lanka and grew up in Sri Lanka” become the irreplaceable subject of protecting this land. Through resource empowerment and mechanism design, they have a stronger ability to protect themselves. Homes. Under the encouragement and guidance of the government, the people around the reserve have become managers and propagandists for the protection of biodiversity, and they have played an important role in special patrols, species surveys, and follow-up research. In addition to guiding the masses to consciously participate in biodiversity conservation work, Ganzi Prefecture is also actively exploring the construction of a modern environmental governance system involving party committee leadership, government leadership, enterprise support, social organizations and the public participation, rationally dividing the functions of different participants, and giving full play to their respective comparative advantages. , To form a systemic synergy for biodiversity protection, and to promote the transformation of ecological environment governance from a government-sponsored model to a multiple co-governance model.
The environment is the people’s livelihood, and the effects of ecological restoration and environmental protection must be reflected in the improvement of people’s livelihood. Ganzi Prefecture unifies sand control and enrichment, so that the community can obtain wage income by participating in special patrol teams and landscape protection of plateau alpine ecosystems, gaining operating income by participating in the development of tourism industry, and protecting pastures. And the use of property income and ecological subsidy transfer income. When the “leaf” becomes a “ticket”, the masses can truly enjoy the benefits of ecological environment protection, and then can they truly increase their awareness of the value of the natural environment, so as to actively participate in the construction of ecological civilization and form a virtuous circle of development and protection. This is just like what the local people said: “The presence of wild animals indicates that the pasture is good; if the pasture is good, our cattle and sheep are good, and our lives are good.” When people generally realize that the pastures, animals, cattle, sheep and people are Closely linked, the concept that man and nature are a community of life can be more deeply rooted in people’s hearts.
Nature is the foundation for human survival and development, and human beings must use their own initiative to protect and restore nature. On the premise of respecting and conforming to nature, Ganzi Prefecture pays special attention to exerting the subjective initiative of human beings in the process of protecting nature. Through scientifically formulating endangered species rescue work plans, and exploring rescue models of artificial cultivation and field planting, the rescue work of endangered and rare species such as Kangding spruce, five-leaf maple, Yalongjiang Dongmadou and other endangered and rare species has achieved remarkable results. Through control measures such as desertification land management, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, constructing ecological corridors, and comprehensive management of watersheds, rare animals such as white-lipped deer, leopards, Tibetan wild donkeys, and snow leopards will now show up from time to time and successfully reverse the biology. The tendency of diversity to deteriorate.
Biodiversity protection is a long-term project and a systematic project, and the achievement of results is the result of overall planning, systematic governance and long-term efforts. The author sees that Ganzi has always adhered to the “ecological establishment of a state”, working from term to term, drawing a blueprint to the end, continuously increasing investment in protection, and integrating biodiversity and ecological environmental protection into the overall economic and social development. Faced with the new situation and new requirements of the construction of ecological civilization in the new era, in view of the special ecological environment and geological environment of the plateau, it is recommended that Ganzi Prefecture strengthen the application of high-tech in biodiversity conservation in the next step, and build an all-round number of sky, space and ground. Monitoring platform. Use smart monitoring to find out the family background, accurately grasp population resources, fully integrate human resources, financial resources, and data resources, improve key regions, key places, and key species databases, and use monitoring and analysis data to carry out targeted protection and governance work for the commonwealth Building a beautiful home in harmony with all things has laid a solid information foundation.
“Guangming Daily” (September 25, 2021 09 Edition)
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责编：王丽媛 ]
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