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When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, it seemed that the event had taken place without excruciating spasms, without violence, without blood. Of course, in the years preceding the repression of the Red Army in the Baltic and the Caucasus it had caused victims; and also in the failed coup against Mikhail Gorbachev in the summer of that same year, three young men who had climbed the barricades to obstruct it had lost their lives.