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The handshake and embrace in Riyadh between the Turkish president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and the prince heir to the Saudi throne, Mohammed Bin Salman (mbs), marked a turning point in relations between the two Middle Eastern powers, after years of tensions began in 2011 with the Arab springs and exploded in 2018, after the assassination in Istanbul of the Saudi journalist and dissident Jamal Khashoggi.