According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco smoking is currently the greatest threat to world health and the number one risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Approximately one billion people smoke tobacco. Unsurprisingly, one of the most frequently asked questions by those who will be undergoing surgery is whether they can smoke before facing it.
The answer is that tobacco smokers are more prone to post-operative complications. They can be cardiac and pulmonary in nature, increasing the risk of infections and slowing wound healing. These are the results of a joint study by the WHO, the University of Newcastle in Australia and the WFSA (World Federation of Anesthetist Societies).
Significantly increases the risk of postoperative complications for those who do not quit smoking within this time frame
The study showed that tobacco smokers who stopped smoking four or more weeks before the operation had a lower risk of complications (19%). Therefore, there would be advantages in postponing minor or non-emergency surgeries to give patients time to quit smoking. Even a single cigarette would reduce the body’s ability to provide the nutrients it needs to recover after the operation.
The cause
Significantly increases the risk of postoperative complications for those who do not quit smoking within this time frame. The reason is to be found in the nicotine and carbon monoxide present in cigarettes, which can reduce the level of oxygen in the body. Additionally, smoking alters the patient’s immune system, slowing healing and increasing the risk of infection.
How long to quit smoking?
The reported study recommends a minimum of four weeks of smoking cessation.
The Veronesi Foundation recommends avoiding smoking eight weeks before surgery. Also remember that smokers tolerate pain less, respond worse to some medications, experience an increased risk of embolism and more difficulty breathing during anesthesia.
If the surgery is not scheduled, you should avoid smoking for at least twelve hours before it. For further information or advice on your specific case, contact the medical staff of the facility where you will undergo the operation.