This decade of vocational education:
Cultivate hundreds of millions of high-quality new industrial forces
Guangming Daily reporter Jin Xiaoyan
“At present, we have built the world‘s largest vocational education system. In 2021, higher vocational schools will enroll 5.57 million people, which is equivalent to 1.8 times that of ten years ago; secondary vocational schools (excluding technical schools) will enroll 4.89 million people, and the enrollment scale is 5.57 million. Stabilize and rebound. Secondary and higher vocational schools train about 10 million high-quality technical and technical talents every year, providing a steady stream of technical and technical talents for economic and social development.” On the 24th, the “Ten Years of Education” “1+ At the press conference of the 1” series, Chen Ziji, Director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, introduced it.
Vocational education is an important part of the national education system and human resource development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to vocational education, intensified efforts to promote the reform and development of vocational education, and continuously enhanced the adaptability of vocational education to the needs of economic and social development. General Secretary Xi Jinping made a series of important instructions on vocational education, emphasizing that in the new journey of building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way, vocational education has a bright future and great potential.
In the past 10 years, my country’s vocational education has changed from level to type, from government main body to multi-participation, from scale expansion to connotative development, and shoulders the mission of cultivating diverse talents and inheriting technical skills with its own high-quality development, helping students to grow into talents and make careers. The students of the school “have a head start, a hope, and a head start”.
Positioning: Vocational education and general education have the same important status
To consolidate the foundation, make up for the shortcomings, strengthen the weak points, and enhance the advantages, looking back on the past 10 years, my country’s vocational education has achieved remarkable development.
“It is not only because the historical changes and historical achievements of my country’s economy and society in the new era have provided huge demands and solid conditions for the development of vocational education, but also because the development of vocational education has always regarded the construction of a complete system as the core task and main line of logic. Innovate system design, increase policy supply, and strive to build vocational education into an education with specific functions for economic, social and individual development, an education with a broad demand base, and a type of education that is as important as general education.” Chen Ziji said.
After the National Education Conference in 2018, the “20 Vocational Education Regulations” promulgated by the State Council pointed out that vocational education and general education are two different types of education and have equal importance. This major assertion clarifies my country’s modern education system of “one body and two wings” and has become a major innovation in my country’s educational theory.
“The type orientation and characteristic charm of vocational education are highlighted. In the fields of modern manufacturing, strategic emerging industries and modern service industries, more than 70% of the new front-line employees are graduates from vocational colleges.” Vocational Education of the National Institute of Education Administration Xing Hui, director of the research center, felt deeply, “Cultivating high-quality technical and technical talents, combining morality and skills, cultivating the spirit of model workers, labor spirit, and craftsmanship; school-enterprise dual education is no longer a slogan, and the dual-certificate system is constantly improving. The type of teachers continues to grow; industry-education-integrated enterprises, industry colleges, practice and training bases for industry-education integration, and master studios have become the beautiful landscape of vocational education, and the characteristics of vocational education are more distinct.”
Over the past 10 years, vocational education has actively adapted to the adjustment of economic structure and industrial transformation, closely watched the industrial chain, market signals, technological frontiers and people’s livelihood needs, connected with the new economy, new formats, new technologies, and new occupations, and promoted professional upgrading and digital transformation. Twice adjusted the professional catalogue, with industry and industry classification as the main basis, major categories correspond to industries, major categories correspond to industries, majors correspond to occupational groups or technical fields, and special plans such as the “Manufacturing Talent Development Planning Guide” have been issued to strive for The service orientation highlights “full”, highlights “new” in professional settings, and highlights “special” in catalog structure, eliminates 108 outdated majors, and upgrades and supplements 1,007 majors, with an update rate of more than 70%. At present, vocational schools across the country have opened more than 1,300 majors and more than 120,000 professional points, which basically cover all fields of the national economy, so that the adjustment of talent training structure and the change of demand structure can be better connected, which strongly supports my country to become the only country in the world with All industrial sectors of the country.
Change: “the education of other people’s children” becomes “the choice of your own children”
The overall image of vocational education is getting better and better, and the social recognition of graduates is getting higher and higher.
“Vocational education has changed from ‘the education of other people’s children’ to ‘the choice of my own children’.” Xing Hui said vividly.
Secondary vocational education and specialized higher vocational education are no longer education that ends with academic qualifications. Undergraduate-level vocational education broke the ice and broke the “ceiling” that vocational education stopped at the specialist level. The newly revised “Vocational Education Law” has reserved space for the establishment of vocational undergraduate education majors in ordinary colleges and universities, and the establishment of vocational undergraduate education majors in vocational schools at the junior college level. Vocational school students can not only study colleges, but also go to undergraduate courses. The attractiveness of vocational education , the influence continues to increase.
The new track of the vocational education college entrance examination will make the road for vocational school students to continue education wider and smoother. Vocational-general integration, combination of education and training, vocational education credit bank, etc., have widened and lengthened the path for students to become talents, and better meet the needs of students to “have access to employment, a path to further studies, a foundation for continued development, and advantages for entrepreneurship”.
At the press conference, Ren Youqun, director of the Department of Teacher Work of the Ministry of Education, introduced a group of “artisan teachers” data that was encouraging: the number of full-time teachers in vocational schools nationwide increased from 1.11 million in 2012 to 1.29 million in 2021. The increase was 17%, which provided strong support for the high-quality development of vocational education. From the perspective of age structure, the proportion of full-time teachers under the age of 50 in secondary vocational schools accounts for nearly 80%, and that in higher vocational colleges accounts for 83%. Young and middle-aged teachers are becoming the backbone of vocational education teachers. Judging from the proportion of “double-qualified” teachers in professional course teachers, they all exceed 55%. From the perspective of the educational structure, 94% of full-time teachers with a bachelor’s degree or above in secondary vocational schools; 99% of full-time teachers with a bachelor’s degree or above in higher vocational schools, and 41% of full-time teachers with a graduate degree or above. For a long time, the problem that the academic qualifications of full-time teachers in vocational schools are not up to standard has been effectively solved.
The construction of vocational education teachers has ushered in a rare opportunity and has a lot to do. Ren Youqun said that this year, the Ministry of Education will carry out an action to improve the ability of vocational education teachers, focusing on improving the ability and quality of vocational education teachers. Further enrich the quantity, optimize the structure, standardize the management, strengthen the guarantee, build a high-quality double-qualified teacher team, comprehensively promote the high-quality development of vocational education teachers, and serve to support the high-quality development of vocational education in the new era.
At the same time, a group of higher vocational schools and majors with Chinese characteristics and world-class standards have gradually grown up to lead reform and support development, effectively supporting the national regional development strategy and industrial transformation and upgrading.
In the past 10 years, my country’s vocational education has continuously achieved “re-improvement” in “bringing in” and “going out”. By optimizing the foreign cooperation and exchange mechanism of vocational education, it has provided countries around the world with Chinese solutions that can be used for reference and can be promoted in a win-win situation. Chinese wisdom. The international digital teaching resources developed by vocational schools have entered the British academic education system and have been recognized by European countries. In more than 40 countries and regions, the “Chinese + Vocational Education” special project has been established, involving high-speed rail, economy, trade, tourism, aviation and other fields, providing vocational education training and employment development opportunities for students from all countries.
Confidence: Let every child have the opportunity to excel in life
Last year, I was inexplicably “fired”. This surprised Xing Xiaoying, a practical teacher at the Basic Industrial Training Center of Tsinghua University. “The video of my casting class has received 200 million views and one million likes, probably because graduates of vocational colleges give lectures to students from top universities, which will make many people feel incredible.”
In 2011, Xing Xiaoying was admitted to Shaanxi Industrial Vocational and Technical College. In 2014, she was recommended to teach at the Basic Industry Training Center of Tsinghua University with her professional comprehensive ranking first. She won the special prize and first prize for practical teaching of the Basic Industry Training Center of Tsinghua University for seven consecutive years, and finally stood on the podium. In 2021, she will be awarded the title of engineer, and she will grow into a “double-qualified” teacher.
In the past ten years, vocational education has given Xing Xiaoying the opportunity to shine in her life. “Everyone’s attention to me can also reflect the attention of the whole society to vocational education. After graduating from vocational colleges, we can see a higher, farther and broader world, and we will also have multiple development paths and brilliant lives. “Xing Xiaoying said.
In Guangdong, vocational schools have sent about 7.69 million skilled elites to the society in the past ten years, and the employment rate of graduates has remained above 95% for many years. Li Dasheng, deputy secretary of the Education Work Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and deputy secretary of the Party Group of the Department of Education, introduced that the high-quality development of vocational education has formed a vivid situation in which vocational education and regional industries are integrated and resonated at the same frequency, and promote the transformation of the beautiful vision of vocational education “with great potential”. For the Guangdong practice of “great achievement”.
Today, my country’s vocational education has reached a new historical starting point. The social atmosphere of “the country attaches great importance to skills, the society respects skills, and everyone enjoys skills” is taking shape, and opportunities for every child to develop their talents and make a brilliant life will become more and more common. The modern vocational education system with Chinese characteristics has cultivated hundreds of millions of high-quality new industrial forces in self-reliance and self-improvement, providing strong support for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country and the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
“Guangming Daily” (May 25, 2022 08 edition)
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