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Looking at the strength of Global FY-4?This article takes you to understand my country’s geostationary orbit meteorological satellites |
People’s Daily Online, Beijing, June 3 (Zhao Zhuqing) At 00:17 on June 3, the first operational satellite of my country’s second-generation geostationary orbit meteorological satellite, the Fengyun-4B satellite, was successfully launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The successful launch of the B star enabled my country’s Fengyun-4 A and B satellites to successfully implement the business model of dual satellites in orbit and east-west layout, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of my country’s geostationary orbit meteorological satellite observation business.
What exactly is a geostationary orbiting meteorological satellite? How did my country’s geostationary orbiting meteorological satellites develop? What role does geostationary meteorological satellite play in our lives? This article takes you to find out.
What is a geostationary orbiting meteorological satellite?
According to Dong Yaohai, chief designer of Fengyun 4 of the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, according to the division of orbits, meteorological satellites can be divided into two series: polar orbiting meteorological satellites orbiting the earth’s poles and geostationary orbiting meteorological satellites that are not moving relative to the earth. Generally speaking, geostationary orbiting meteorological satellites are about 35,800 kilometers above the earth’s equator and are relatively stationary. They can observe a fixed area of one third of the earth’s surface and perform continuous meteorological observations on the same target area.
“my country is one of the few countries in the world that has both polar and geostationary orbit meteorological satellites.” Dong Yaohai said that after more than 50 years of development, my country has successfully launched Fengyun 1, Fengyun 2, Fengyun 3 and Fengyun 4. There are a total of 18 Fengyun weather satellites in two generations of Type IV. Among them, Fengyun-1 and Fengyun-3 are polar-orbiting meteorological satellites that can obtain global observation data and are “patrolmen” for global monitoring; Fengyun-2 and Fengyun-4 are geostationary orbiting meteorological satellites and are relatively stationary. , Can obtain continuous dynamic observation data of the region where our country is located, and is a “sentinel” who sticks to his post.
What role do geostationary orbiting meteorological satellites play in life?
Weather changes affect people’s clothing, travel, and even all aspects of life. Providing support for accurate weather forecasting and monitoring the development and impact of weather is one of the basic functions of my country’s geostationary orbit meteorological satellites.
On April 14, 2021, Typhoon No. 2 “Shuliji” formed in the ocean east of the Philippines. According to the monitoring of Fengyun-4 geostationary meteorological satellite, the eye area of ”Shuliji” has been filled and the overall asymmetric structure is expected. Moving in the northeast, the intensity slowly weakened, and the impact on China’s seas has basically ended; affected by the strongest sandstorm in China in the past 10 years, in March 2021, the air quality in many cities in northern China was seriously polluted, and Fengyun No. 4 was still weather. Satellites used “fire eyes” to monitor sand and dust weather at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers, helping the meteorological department to smoothly analyze the subsequent impact of sand and dust weather, and provide weather warnings for the general public; on March 30, 2020, an emergency occurred in Xichang, Liangshan, Sichuan Forest fires have endangered the urban area of Xichang. Using multi-source satellite data such as Fengyun 4, China has successfully carried out monitoring and evaluation of forest fires; in July 2020, due to the combined effects of continuous heavy rainfall and upstream water, floods occurred in many places in the south Disasters caused more than 30 million people to be affected, and the direct economic loss reached more than 60 billion. Based on image monitoring data such as geostationary meteorological satellites, China has carried out real-time analysis and monitoring of the area of water bodies such as Dongting Lake…
Chen Wenqiang, the commander-in-chief of Fengyun 4 of the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said that with the latest fast imager, the Fengyun-4B satellite can achieve 1 minute/time imaging of an area of millions of square kilometers, and is capable of small and medium-scale weather systems. Stronger monitoring capabilities. For disastrous and high-impact weather such as typhoons, heavy rains, severe convection, heavy fog, sand dust, haze, etc., the Fengyun-4 dual-satellite in-orbit joint observations, combined with the polar-orbiting meteorological satellite Fengyun-3 series, can provide more timely and accurate observations Data continuously contributes “power of the wind” to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.
How did my country’s geostationary orbiting meteorological satellites develop?
Chen Wenqiang introduced that as my country’s first series of geostationary orbit meteorological satellites developed and put into use, the Fengyun-2 meteorological satellite was launched in 1986. With the successful launch of FY-2 A and B satellites in 1997 and 2000, a large amount of ground development and in-orbit test data have been accumulated. The Fengyun-2 C satellite was successfully launched in 2004 and became the most widely used service application satellite in China at that time, and was listed as one of the important service satellites of the global meteorological satellite observation network. From 2006 to 2018, my country has successively launched five more Fengyun-2 series satellites, which has provoked the heavy burden of weather protection for major national events.
On December 11, 2016, the second-generation geostationary orbit meteorological satellite, Fengyun-4A, was successfully launched, which is known as the “strength responsibility” of China’s meteorological satellite community. Fengyun-4A has the world‘s leading comprehensive ground observation capability. It is the world‘s first geostationary orbital meteorological satellite to achieve comprehensive observations of “multi-spectral two-dimensional imaging + hyperspectral three-dimensional detection + ultra-narrow-band lightning imaging” on the ground by a single satellite. The successful launch of Star A has realized the renewal of my country’s geostationary meteorological satellite from Fengyun-2 to Fengyun-4, enabling my country’s meteorological satellite technology to transform from following running, running side by side to running side by side, and partially leading the way.
On June 3, 2021, the FY-4 B satellite was successfully launched. On the basis of inheriting the A satellite, the B satellite has improved the original load performance, and at the same time, it has added a fast imager, which is the first in the world to realize the full-time observation of the geostationary orbit with a spatial resolution of 250m. The realization of higher resolution, more flexible and faster scanning and imaging of specific areas on the ground has greatly improved our country’s ability to observe short-term weather phenomena with smaller scales and shorter durations.
Looking at the strength of Global FY-4?
In recent years, the global geostationary meteorological satellite observation capabilities have gradually been unable to meet the increasing observation requirements. my country is competing with the United States, Europe, Japan, and South Korea to develop geostationary orbit meteorological satellites. China, the United States, and Europe are simultaneously launching a new generation of geostationary orbit meteorology. Satellite research and development work.
Among them, the US GOES-R series and China Fengyun 4 series have been launched at the same time at the end of 2016, while the European MTG series is still in the development process. Using the three-axis stability control method, the new generation of geostationary orbiting meteorological satellites have flexible observation capabilities, which can greatly enhance the monitoring capabilities of small and medium-sized and disastrous weather systems.
As the latest generation of geostationary orbit meteorological satellites in the United States, the GOES-R series consists of 4 satellites, and is called by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) as “the most scientifically capable meteorological satellite so far.” The payloads carried by the satellite include Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), Lightning Imager (GLM), and space environment detection instruments. However, due to development costs and difficulty in development, the GOES-R series has not developed a hyperspectral based on the principle of Michelson interference. Three-dimensional detection function. On November 19, 2016, the first satellite GOES-16 was launched into space. The satellite has a design life of 15 years, including 10 years of in-orbit operation and 5 years of in-orbit storage.
Currently, Europe is developing a new generation of geostationary orbit weather satellite MTG series, which ESA calls “one of the largest and most complex space projects to date”. The series consists of two types of satellites, MTG-I (imaging satellite) and MTG-S (probing satellite), and a total of 6 satellites are planned. The payload of MTG-I imaging satellite includes flexible imager (FCI) and lightning imager (LI). The first satellite is expected to be launched in 2022; the payload of MTG-S detection satellite includes infrared sounder (IRS) and ultraviolet visible light near infrared sounder. (UVN), the first star is expected to be launched in 2024.
After more than 10 years of pre-research and 7 years of engineering research and development, the Fengyun-4A star developed by the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation was launched into orbit on December 11, 2016. Since it was put into operation, the time for monitoring and identifying disasters such as typhoons and rainstorms in my country has been increased from 15 minutes to 5 minutes, and the rainstorm warning accuracy rate has increased to 89%. This has significantly improved the accuracy of typhoon path forecasting and greatly reduced national economic losses. To ensure the safety of people’s lives. The satellite observation range covers the Asia-Pacific, Indian Ocean and countries and regions along the Belt and Road. The data serves national and global users. It is included in the global Earth observation satellite sequence by the World Meteorological Organization and has a significant international impact. The addition of satellite B will further improve the temporal and spatial resolution of observations, especially the newly added fast imager can realize continuous and flexible observation of meso-scale disastrous weather such as typhoon storms and rain.
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