Produced | National Health Commission
Finishing | Sohu Health
Editor | Wu Shinan, Hu Xin
June 6, 2021 is the 26th National “Eye Day”. In order to further call on the whole society to enhance the awareness of eye care and eye care, and to vigorously promote the importance of paying attention to eye health for all ages and life, the National Health Commission’s online interview with the theme of “concerning general eye health” invites experts to the public Knowledge of prevention (control) of eye diseases such as myopia, cataract, and fundus disease.
Moderator: It seems that pathological myopia really requires us to pay attention to it and check it regularly. There are also many parents who worry about whether their myopia will be passed on to the next generation. Can parents’ myopia really be passed on to their children? We then asked Team Leader Wang to answer for everyone.
Wang Ningli: The inheritance of myopia now covers almost all hereditary modes, but most of the simple myopia is inherited by multiple genes. What does it mean? That is to say, the environment plays a very important role in it, so simple myopia is also called “school myopia”, which is mainly caused by environmental pressure. It is often high myopia that is genetically related, and there are some obvious myopia with other complications and syndromes. This is called genetic-related myopia. So far, research in population genetics has found that as long as one of the parents has myopia, the probability of the child having myopia is 2.1 times higher than that of the parents who are not myopia. If both parents are nearsighted, it is 4.9 times higher than that of a family where neither of them is nearsighted. Some people have done a survey in this group. For example, in a primary school survey, both parents are not nearsighted. The prevalence of myopia in children at the age of 7 is just over 7%. But as long as one person has myopia, it is as high as 26%.
Wang Ningli: Compared with the predicted value we calculated, such an increase rate is higher than that. If both parents have myopia, one parent has myopia, and one parent has high myopia, then you have to do more in the care and care of your child’s eyes than others.
Moderator: So it is very important to help children establish a sense of scientific use of eyes from an early age. In life, we often encounter children when they go to the hospital to check their eyes for the first time, and find that the degree of myopia is already relatively high, and parents regret it. So, how can the child’s myopia be detected as early as possible? We have asked Team Leader Wang to answer the questions for all of us.
Wang Ningli: Actually, the word “myopia” was chosen very well. I think some of the words chosen by our Chinese culture are really interesting. You have interpreted the word “nearsightedness” well, and you know almost all the related knowledge of myopia. There is no nearsightedness without close reading and close work. What does “myopia” mean? If you can’t see clearly from a distance, you can see very well near you, that is, myopia. If you master this, go back and check it with your child, saying that you can’t see the blackboard. Can you see this small print? Seeing well, myopia, this is a very simple diagnostic method. Of course, by the time he can be diagnosed with myopia, it is already too late. Has there been any performance before this? Have. The TV at home is there, and the child sits in front of a stool with a small stool. Why are you running to the front and sitting there? The child did not say that, in fact, he has begun to be short-sighted. There are also some children who always squint their eyes to see things. People say that this habit is not good, and they keep squinting their eyes. Squinting is also the beginning of myopia, or myopia plus astigmatism. At this time, the pressure of closing the eyes through the eyelids will flatten the cornea and gain some degrees, so that he can see clearly. Others squint into a slit, which is equivalent to making the pupil smaller. Small pupils can increase the depth of field and can also be compensated. More interestingly, I had a chance to see a nearsighted person two days ago. He said I was going to have an operation. Would you like me to do it? I said how old are you this year? He said that he was 35 years old. I said why don’t you wear glasses? He said I can still see clearly sometimes. I said how can you see clearly? He said I have a way. As soon as I saw, he pulled the corner of his eyes and he could see clearly and resolved it, which means that he must be nearsighted. When some children blink frequently, look closer and closer, and other strange phenomena, parents should pay close attention to them.
Wang Ningli: What’s the point of early detection of myopia? Two things, first, the early detection is the pseudo-myopia stage that the common people say, in the ciliary muscle over-regulation stage, early intervention at this time, it is possible that he will not go to the state of myopia; second, after the discovery Give him intervention. It is impossible to become non-myopia when I am really short-sighted. It is impossible, but I can slow down the development of myopia and not enter into high myopia, moderate myopia, and pathological myopia. This is a goal. Therefore, it is very important for parents to learn to observe children’s eye habits.
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