Makassar –
Muslims who are fasting during Ramadan are obliged to avoid things that can break their fast. So, what are the things that break the fast?
Ramadan fasting is the fourth pillar of Islam, which is also an act of worship that is obligatory for all Muslims. The command to perform fasting is mentioned in Al-Qur’an surah Al-Baqarah verse 183, Allah SWT says:
O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous.
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Meaning: “O you who believe, fasting is enjoined upon you as it was enjoined upon those before you so that you may attain piety.”1
However, you need to know that there are things that a Muslim who is fasting needs to avoid so that his worship is not invalidated. In a hadith narrated by Imam An-Nasai, it is stated that there are many people who fast but they do not get anything from their fast except hunger and thirst.
How many fasting people have nothing to gain from their fasting except hunger and thirst?
Meaning: “How many people fast but they don’t get anything from their fast except hunger and thirst.”2
For this reason, detikers certainly need to know all the things that can break the fast so that it doesn’t go to waste. So, here are the things that break fasting!
Things that break the fast
1. Eating and Drinking
Eating and drinking on purpose is certainly something that invalidates the fast. In the Qur’an, surah Al-Baqarah verse 87, Allah SWT says,
And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread, then complete the fast until nightfall.
Meaning: “And eat and drink until the white thread becomes clear to you from the black thread, namely dawn. Then complete the fast until (comes) night.”
The night referred to in the verse “ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصَّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْل (Then complete the fast until (comes) night.”) is Maghrib time.
If detikers eat and drink accidentally or forget that they are fasting, then this does not break the fast and detikers are obliged to continue their fast. This is mentioned in a hadith muttafaqun alaih.
On the authority of Abu Hurairah – may God be pleased with him – he said: The Messenger of God – may God bless him and grant him peace – said. Whoever forgets while he is fasting and eats or drinks, let him complete his fast, for God only fed him and gave him drink – Agreed upon.
It means: “From Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu, he said, the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, said, “Whoever forgets while he is fasting and eats or drinks, then he should complete his fast because at that time it is Allah who gives him food and drink.”
2. Vomiting on purpose
Vomiting intentionally is one of the things that breaks the fast. However, if it is unintentional then this does not break the fast.
Unintentional vomiting here, for example, pregnant women who experience morning sickness, people who are sick from land, air or sea travel, or people who vomit because of the reaction of jinn or magic in their body when doing ruqyah.
However, please note that when a nausea reaction occurs and you are about to vomit, detikers do not force it. This “natural” vomiting does not break the fast. However, if a nausea reaction occurs and the detikers force themselves to vomit, then the fast will be broken.
From Abu Hurairah, the Prophet SAW said,
Whoever vomits it while he is fasting, he does not have to make up for it, but if he vomits, let him make it up.
“Whoever is forced to vomit (unintentional vomiting) while he is fasting, then there is no qodho for him. But if he vomits (intentionally), then it is obligatory for him to pay qodho’.”[HR. Abu Daud hadits no. 2380. Hadits ini dishahihkan oleh Syaikh Al Albani.]
3. Menstruation or Postpartum
For women who menstruate or have childbirth while fasting, their fast is invalidated. And it is obligatory for him to replace it by fasting on another day outside of Ramadan.
The command to replace or make up the fast for menstruating women is mentioned in a hadith narrated by Imam Muslim.
Abdul bin Humaid told us, Abdul Razzaq told us, Muammar told us, on the authority of Asim, on the authority of Maada, she said: I asked Aisha, and I said: What is the matter with a menstruating woman? She makes up for the fast, but does not make up for the prayer. She said: Bahruriyya, but I am asking. She said: This used to happen to us, so we would be appointed as Haruriyya. Are you? ? I said: I am not: to make up for the fast, and you are not commanded to make up for the prayer.
It means: “And has narrated to us ‘Abd ibn Humaid has informed us ‘Abdurrazzaq has informed us Ma’mar from ‘Ashim from Mu’adzah he said: “I asked ‘Aishah while saying: “Why do women who are menstruating performing fasting and not performing prayer?”
So Aisyah answered: “Are you from the Haruriyah (Khowarij) group?”
I answered: “I’m not Haruriyah, but I’m just asking.”
He replied: “We used to experience menstruation, so we were ordered to fast and not ordered to pray.”
4. Doing Jima’
Jima is one of the things that breaks the fast. The jima’ referred to here is ad-dukhul (entry), the meeting and entry, or penetration, of a man’s genitals into a woman’s farji.
In the Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqarah verse 187, Allah SWT says,
It is permissible for you on the night of fasting to have sexual intercourse with your wives. They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them. God knows that you used to circumcise So, He turned to you and pardoned you. So, have intercourse with them and seek what God has ordained for you, and eat and drink until the thread becomes clear to you. whiter than the black thread of dawn. Then complete the fast until the night, and do not associate with them while you are If you remain in the mosque, those are the bounds of God, so do not approach them. Thus God makes His signs clear to the people that they may fear them.
It means: “It is permissible for you on the night of fasting to mix with your wife. They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them. God knows that you cannot control yourself, but He accepts your repentance and forgives you. So, now mingle with them and seek what has been Allah has decreed for you. Eat and drink until it becomes clear to you (the difference) between the white thread and the black thread, which is the dawn. Then, complete the fast until (comes) night. However, do not mix with them when you (are) doing itikaf in the mosque. That is the limits (stipulations) of Allah. So, do not approach them. Thus Allah explains His verses to people so that they may be righteous.”
5. Apostasy or Leaving Islam
If someone apostates or leaves the Islamic religion while fasting, then his fast will automatically be broken and all his practices will be erased because he has become an infidel.
This is explained in the Qur’an, surah Al-Maidah verse 5. Allah SWT said,
And whoever disbelieves in faith, his work has become worthless, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers.
Meaning: “Whoever disbelieves after believing, then his deeds are truly in vain and in the afterlife he will be among the losers.”3
6. Discharge of Semen
Semen that comes out due to masturbation or skin contact with the opposite sex without sexual intercourse are also included in the things that break the fast. However, you need to know that semen that comes out because of a wet dream does not break the fast.
7. Gila
People who experience mental disorders while fasting will have their fast broken. And the person must change or make up for his fast when he recovers.
8. Entry of Something into Two Holes
When detikers seek treatment by inserting medicine or objects through the qubul (front hole) or anus (back hole), their fast will be broken. An example of the treatment referred to here is the treatment of hemorrhoid sufferers or sick people by installing a urinary catheter. 4
9. Committing Sin
When detikers commit sins such as backbiting, gossiping, lying, lustful looks, and committing false oaths, then their fast will be invalid. Rasulullah SAW said,
Five things break the fast: backbiting, gossiping, lying, looking with lust, and a false oath.
Meaning: “Five things can cancel the reward of a fasting person: talking about other people, pitting one against another, lying, looking with lust, and false oaths” (HR Ad-Dailami). 2
So, those are the things that break the Ramadan fast. Hopefully it’s useful, detikers!
Source:
1. The book Revealing the Veil of Ramadan Fasting written by KH. Cholil Nafis, Lc., Ph.D
2. Nahdlatul Ulama page ‘3 things that can void the reward of fasting’
3. The book How to Prepare Yourself to Welcome the Month of Ramadan written by Abu Maryam Kautsar Amru
4. Nahdlatul Ulama page ‘8 things that break the fast’
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(edr/alk)